Biodegradation of malathion by Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1

Malathion, a well-known organophosphate pesticide, has been used in agriculture over the last two decades for controlling pests of economically important crops. In the present study, a single bacterium, ML-1, was isolated by soil-enrichment technique and identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of the 16S rRNA technique. The bacterium was grown in carbon-free minimal salt medium (MSM) and was found to be very efficient in utilizing malathion as the sole source of carbon. Biodegradation experiments were performed in MSM without carbon source to determine the malathion degradation by the selected strain, and the residues of malathion were determined quantitatively using HPLC techniques. Bacillus licheniformis showed very promising results and efficiently consumed malathion as the sole carbon source via malathion carboxylesterase (MCE), and about 78% malathion was degraded within 5 days. The carboxylesterase activity was determined by using crude extract while using malathion as substrate, and the residues were determined by HPLC. It has been found that the MCE hydrolyzed 87% malathion within 96 h of incubation. Characterization of crude MCE revealed that the enzyme is robust in nature in terms of organic solvents, as it was found to be stable in various concentrations of ethanol and acetonitrile. Similarly, and it can work in a wide pH and temperature range. The results of this study highlighted the potential of Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1 as a biodegrader that can be used for the bioremediation of malathion-contaminated soil.

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Purification and Characterization of Chitinases from Bacillus licheniformis Using Auricularia auricular Colloidal Substance as a Substrate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 233-235 ◽

pp. 1014-1017

Author(s):

Yong Jun Zhang ◽

Qiao Xian ◽

Jie Min He ◽

Meng Yao Zhao

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Purification And Characterization ◽

Medium Ph ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Sds Page ◽

Optimized Conditions

A chitinase was purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis with Auricularia auricular colloidal substance as the sole carbon source. The optimized conditions of this species strain for the production of chitinases were found to be when the culture was shaken at 37°C for 3 days in medium (pH 7) containing 0.05% KH2PO4,0.5%NaNO3, 0.05% MgSO4·7H2O and 1.5% Auricularia auricular colloidal substance powder(w/v). The molecular weights of the chitinases determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 52kDa. The chitinases was inhibited highly by Mg2+ and PMSF, whereas Co2+ and Mn2+ could increase highly the activity of the chitinase.

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Review for "Preparation, statistical optimization and characterization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) fermented by Cupriavidus nector utilizing various hydrolysates of alligator weed ( Alternanthera philoxeroides ) as a sole carbon source"

10.1002/btpr.2992/v2/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Petrovici Roxana

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Statistical Optimization ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Alligator Weed

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Author response for "Preparation, statistical optimization and characterization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) fermented by Cupriavidus nector utilizing various hydrolysates of alligator weed ( Alternanthera philoxeroides ) as a sole carbon source"

10.1002/btpr.2992/v2/response1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Youwei Zhang ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Yingbin Shen ◽

Li Wang ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Statistical Optimization ◽

Author Response ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Alligator Weed

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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel p,p’-DDT-Degrading Bacterium: Aeromonas sp. Strain MY1 from Agricultural Soil

Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology ◽

10.9734/ajb2t/2020/v6i430086 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Y. Murtala ◽

B. C. Nwanguma ◽

L. U. S. Ezeanyika

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Aerobic Conditions ◽

Degrading Bacterium ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Background: Despite the banned on the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention for their toxicity, emerging shreds of evidence have indicated that DDT is, however, still in use in developing countries. This might increase the global burden of DDT contamination and its hazardous effects. Aim: This study focused on the isolation and characterization of p,p’-DDT-degrading bacterium from a tropical agricultural soil. Methodology: Standard isolation procedure was used for the screening and isolation of the strain. The 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the isolate and established protocols were followed to characterize the strain. Results: A new strain belonging to the genus Aeromonas was isolated from agricultural soil using minimal salt-p,p’-DDT enrichment medium. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to identify the strain and the partial sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank as Aeromonas sp. Strain MY1. This mesophilic isolate was capable of utilizing up to 50 mgL-1 of p,p’-DDT as the sole carbon source at an optimum pH of 7.5 and optimum temperature of 35 °C within 120 h under aerobic conditions. Fe2+ (0.2 mgL-1) demonstrated a stimulatory effect on the p,p’-DDT degradation capacity by the strain MY1. However, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag and Cr ions have demonstrated various patterns of inhibitory effect on the p,p’-DDT degradation capacity of the isolate at 0.2 mgL-1. The strain MY1 could be a promising candidate for the bioremediation of p,p’-DDT contaminant. Conclusion: Aeromonas sp. strain MY1 was capable of utilizing p,p’-DDT as a sole carbon source under aerobic conditions. The utilization capacity of the strain was influenced by some heavy metals. Fe was found to enhance the p,p’-DDT utilization capacity of the isolate at a lower concentration. While Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag and Cr showed various patterns of inhibitory effect.

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Sugarcane bagasse as a source of carbon for enzyme production by filamentous fungi1

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/2236-8906-40/2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Flaviane Lopes Ferreira ◽

Cesar Barretta Dall'Antonia ◽

Emerson Andrade Shiga ◽

Larissa Juliani Alvim ◽

Rosemeire Aparecida Bom Pessoni

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Sole Source ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Efficient Producer

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to assess the enzymatic activity of six strains of filamentous fungi grown in liquid media containing 1% sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. All fungal strains were able to use this agro-industrial residue, producing various types of enzymes, such as cellulases, xylanases, amylases, pectinases, and laccases. However, Aspergillus japonicus Saito was the most efficient producer, showing the highest enzymatic activity for laccase (395.73 U L-1), endo-β-1,4-xylanase (3.55 U mL-1) and β-xylosidase (9.74 U mL-1) at seven, fourteen and twenty-one days in culture, respectively. Furthermore, the endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-xylosidases of A. japonicus showed maximum activity at 50°C, and pH 5.5 and pH 3.5-4.5, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that A. japonicus has a great biotechnological potential for the production of these enzymes using sugarcane bagasse as the sole source of carbon.

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Isolation and enzymatic characterization of fungal strains capable to use polyurethane as sole carbon source

New Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.308 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. S69

Author(s):

A. Loredo-Treviño ◽

J.A. Sánchez-Vasquez ◽

R. Rodríguez-Herrera ◽

C. Aguilar

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Enzymatic Characterization ◽

Fungal Strains

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Enzymatic and 14C-mannitol studies of the Aspergillus mannitol metabolism

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m70-063 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 363-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Hwa Lee

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Glucose Oxidation ◽

Sole Source ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Mannitol Metabolism

Aspergillus species (UC4177) accumulated mannitol from glucose substrate and it also used mannitol as the sole carbon source. Experiment with radioactive mannitol showed that the accumulation of mannitol and the oxidation of mannitol to CO2 proceeded simultaneously. The presence of glucose in the medium did not inhibit mannitol oxidation. Mannitol was oxidized at about 25% of the metabolic rate of glucose. The rate of mannitol oxidation and several of the enzymes directly involved in mannitol metabolism were unaffected by using glucose or mannitol as the sole source of carbon. Nine enzymes of glucose metabolism were tested and none appeared to limit the rate of glucose oxidation. Aspergillus phosphofructokinase was not inhibited by 2.4 mM ATP or 10 mM citrate. Possible enzymatic defects favoring mannitol accumulation were not found.

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