scholarly journals Sugarcane bagasse as a source of carbon for enzyme production by filamentous fungi1

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviane Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Cesar Barretta Dall'Antonia ◽  
Emerson Andrade Shiga ◽  
Larissa Juliani Alvim ◽  
Rosemeire Aparecida Bom Pessoni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Efficient Producer

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to assess the enzymatic activity of six strains of filamentous fungi grown in liquid media containing 1% sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. All fungal strains were able to use this agro-industrial residue, producing various types of enzymes, such as cellulases, xylanases, amylases, pectinases, and laccases. However, Aspergillus japonicus Saito was the most efficient producer, showing the highest enzymatic activity for laccase (395.73 U L-1), endo-β-1,4-xylanase (3.55 U mL-1) and β-xylosidase (9.74 U mL-1) at seven, fourteen and twenty-one days in culture, respectively. Furthermore, the endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-xylosidases of A. japonicus showed maximum activity at 50°C, and pH 5.5 and pH 3.5-4.5, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that A. japonicus has a great biotechnological potential for the production of these enzymes using sugarcane bagasse as the sole source of carbon.

Acidobacteria from oligotrophic soil from the Cerrado can grow in a wide range of carbon source concentrations

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hipólito Lemos de Castro ◽  
Luis Felipe Schroeder ◽  
Betania Ferraz Quirino ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Kruger ◽  
Cristine Chaves Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Wide Range

Soils from the Brazilian Cerrado are nutrient-poor, acidic, and aluminum-rich. A previous study revealed that members of the phylum Acidobacteria were predominant in these oligotrophic soils. Five acidobacteria from Cerrado soil were isolated on VL-55 medium containing 0.05% of xylan as carbon source. All isolates belong to the Acidobacteria subdivision 1, and their 16S rRNA showed similarities of 94.2%–96% with Acidobacterium capsulatum or 98.6% with Edaphobacter aggregans. All isolates were able to sustain growth in a wide range of carbon source concentrations. Growth occurred in all concentrations of arabinose, dextrose, and xylose; only one isolate did not grow on fructose. Isolates grew poorly on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine at all concentrations tested. In general, increasing concentrations of these monosaccharides did not inhibit growth rates. Isolates exhibited growth on solid medium containing xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and colloidal chitin; however, growth was observed on solid medium that did not contain these polysaccharides. These isolates may be able to use the solidifying agents tested (gellan gum or agar) as carbon source. This interpretation is supported by the absence of growth in liquid media containing chitin or carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.05% as sole carbon source, whereas growth in the same conditions using xylan was confirmed.

Enzymatic and 14C-mannitol studies of the Aspergillus mannitol metabolism

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Mannitol Metabolism

Aspergillus species (UC4177) accumulated mannitol from glucose substrate and it also used mannitol as the sole carbon source. Experiment with radioactive mannitol showed that the accumulation of mannitol and the oxidation of mannitol to CO2 proceeded simultaneously. The presence of glucose in the medium did not inhibit mannitol oxidation. Mannitol was oxidized at about 25% of the metabolic rate of glucose. The rate of mannitol oxidation and several of the enzymes directly involved in mannitol metabolism were unaffected by using glucose or mannitol as the sole source of carbon. Nine enzymes of glucose metabolism were tested and none appeared to limit the rate of glucose oxidation. Aspergillus phosphofructokinase was not inhibited by 2.4 mM ATP or 10 mM citrate. Possible enzymatic defects favoring mannitol accumulation were not found.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether by Xanthobacter sp. Strain ENV481

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6870-6875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McClay ◽  
Charles E. Schaefer ◽  
Simon Vainberg ◽  
Robert J. Steffan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Superfund Site ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Northeastern United States

ABSTRACT Degradation of bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BCEE) was observed to occur in two bacterial strains. Strain ENV481, a Xanthobacter sp. strain, was isolated by enrichment culturing of samples from a Superfund site located in the northeastern United States. The strain was able to grow on BCEE or 2-chloroethylethyl ether as the sole source of carbon and energy. BCEE degradation in strain ENV481 was facilitated by sequential dehalogenation reactions resulting in the formation of 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethanol and diethylene glycol (DEG), respectively. 2-Hydroxyethoxyacetic acid was detected as a product of DEG catabolism by the strain. Degradation of BCEE by strain ENV481 was independent of oxygen, and the strain was not able to grow on a mixture of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes, other prevalent contaminants at the site. Another bacterial isolate, Pseudonocardia sp. strain ENV478 (S. Vainberg et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:5218-5224, 2006), degraded BCEE after growth on tetrahydrofuran or propane but was not able to grow on BCEE as a sole carbon source. BCEE degradation by strain ENV478 appeared to be facilitated by a monooxygenase-mediated O-dealkylation mechanism, and it resulted in the accumulation of 2-chloroacetic acid that was not readily degraded by the strain.

Isolation and Mutagenesis of a Novel Phenol-Degrading Strain

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Peng ◽  
Gui Juan Yang ◽  
Qi Ming Wang ◽  
Yun Yun Du ◽  
Jia Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhodococcus Ruber ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rotting Wood ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Optimum Ph And Temperature

In this study, with phenol as sole source of carbon, a phenol-degrading strain was isolated from rotting wood and polluted sludge. The strain was identified as Rhodococcus ruber SD3 according to their morphological features and 16S rDNA sequence. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 almost completely degraded 1.0g L-1 phenol in 72 hours. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 was also capable of growing in a medium containing isooctane, cyclohexane, benzene, n-heptane, toluene, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene, naphthalene, n-hexane, 1-naphthol and dimethylbenzene as sole carbon source, respectively. Rhodococcus ruber SD3 was mutated using LiCl as a chemical mutagen. The optimal concentration of LiCl for mutagenesis was 0.3 %. The mutant M1 could degrade 99.8 % of 1.5 g L-1 phenol within 72h. The optimum pH and temperature for the degradation of phenol with mutant M1 were 7.5 and 35°C.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of malathion by Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Khan ◽  
Habiba Zaffar ◽  
Usman Irshad ◽  
Raza Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Technique ◽  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

Malathion, a well-known organophosphate pesticide, has been used in agriculture over the last two decades for controlling pests of economically important crops. In the present study, a single bacterium, ML-1, was isolated by soil-enrichment technique and identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of the 16S rRNA technique. The bacterium was grown in carbon-free minimal salt medium (MSM) and was found to be very efficient in utilizing malathion as the sole source of carbon. Biodegradation experiments were performed in MSM without carbon source to determine the malathion degradation by the selected strain, and the residues of malathion were determined quantitatively using HPLC techniques. Bacillus licheniformis showed very promising results and efficiently consumed malathion as the sole carbon source via malathion carboxylesterase (MCE), and about 78% malathion was degraded within 5 days. The carboxylesterase activity was determined by using crude extract while using malathion as substrate, and the residues were determined by HPLC. It has been found that the MCE hydrolyzed 87% malathion within 96 h of incubation. Characterization of crude MCE revealed that the enzyme is robust in nature in terms of organic solvents, as it was found to be stable in various concentrations of ethanol and acetonitrile. Similarly, and it can work in a wide pH and temperature range. The results of this study highlighted the potential of Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1 as a biodegrader that can be used for the bioremediation of malathion-contaminated soil.

Cholesterol is accumulated by mycobacteria but its degradation is limited to non-pathogenic fast-growing mycobacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 826-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossef Av-Gay ◽  
Rafat Sobouti
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Slow Growing

In this report we show that fast-growing non-pathogenic mycobacteria degrade cholesterol from liquid media, and are able to grow on cholesterol as a sole carbon source. In contrast, slow-growing mycobacteria, including pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), do not degrade and use cholesterol as a carbon source. Nevertheless, pathogenic mycobacteria are able to uptake, modify, and accumulate cholesterol from liquid growth media, and form a zone of clearance around a colony when plated on solid media containing cholesterol. These data suggest that cholesterol may have a role in mycobacterial infection other than its use as carbon source.Key words: mycobacteria, cholesterol, biodegradation.

scholarly journals Induction of Cellulase Biosynthesis by Cellobiose Octaacetate in Aspergillus humicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meher Nigad Nipa ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
M Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Enzyme Biosynthesis

Aspergillus humicola, one of the major cellulase-producing fungi, was used in this study for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) production using Winstead's basal broth supplanted with cellobiose octaacetate (COA), a synthetic carbon source. Under all conditions, the enzyme biosynthesis was remarkably increased when the inducer COA was added to the production medium containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Maximum enzyme production (1.62 U/ml) was achieved in COA-containing at 37°C. The enzyme production was highest at initial pH 5.5 and after 7 days incubation. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 40°C with a reaction pH 5.5. CMCase activity was inhibited by its own substrate CMC at concentration higher than 1.0%. The study clearly demonstrated that COA is a good inducer for extracellular CMCase production by the fungus. Keywords: Aspergillus humicola, Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Cellobiose octaacetate (COA)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.889 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 174-176

Cell division in a species of Erwinia. XI Some aspects of the carbon and nitrogen nutrition of Erwinia species

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Grula ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
C. F. Parham ◽  
E. A. Grula
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Acid Media

The species of Erwinia used in cell division studies (Grula 1960a) will grow on L- or D-aspartic acid, but no other amino acid, as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Ammonia is utilizable as a sole source of nitrogen; in this case the rate and extent of growth are significantly influenced by the carbon source. Of all compounds tested, malic acid supports the most rapid and abundant growth in an ammonium chloride – mineral salts medium. Added pantothenate often stimulates growth in ammonium chloride media, but not in aspartic acid media. Growth in an ammonium chloride – glucose – salts medium is rather slow and limited. Marked stimulation occurs by supplementation with intermediates of the Krebs cycle, even though the compound supports little or no growth as a sole carbon source. Neither L-glutamic acid nor α-ketoglutaric acid supports growth as a sole carbon source; this is believed to result from impermeability of the cell to these compounds.

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