Adult human case of toxocariasis with pulmonary migratory infiltrate and eosinophilia

Introduction. Toxocariasis is a zoonosis which is in Serbia characterized with a very high infection rate of dogs and excessive contamination of the soil with the eggs of Toxocara canis, the agent of the disease. Toxocara-induced infections have in recent years been established in a few hundreds of children, but toxocariasis has rather rarely been diagnosed in adults. Case report. We reported toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) in an adult, manifested by migratory pulmonary infiltrates and positive serological test finding to Toxocara. Conclusion. Human toxocariasis is a rare disease in adults, therefore it should be considered in adult patients presented with eosinophilia and migratory pulmonary infiltrates.

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Human case of visceral larva migrans syndrome: pulmonary and hepatic involvement

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helmin-2016-0033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 372-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. M. Almatary ◽

H. Y. Bakir

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Human Case ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans ◽

Abdominal Ct ◽

Hepatic Involvement ◽

First Case ◽

Host Tissues ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans Syndrome

SummaryVisceral Larva Migrans (VLM) syndrome is commonly caused by larvae of roundwormsToxocara canisorToxocara cati. Human toxocarosis is a soil-transmitted zoonosis, which may result in partial or general pathological changes in host tissues. We reported a case of 14-year-old boy presented with severe dry cough without dyspnea, mild chest and abdominal pain with general fatigue. Examination of peripheral blood showed marked increase in eosinophils. The chest radiography showed an infiltrative shadow in the lung fields. Chest CT demonstrated multiple opacities in both lungs. Abdominal CT showed multiple low attenuation areas in the liver. Ultrasound guided liver biopsy revealed granulomas with severe eosinophilic infiltration. The boy was treated with albendazole and responded radically. It is worth mentioning that this is the first case of hepato-pulmonary VLM syndrome in Egypt.

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Cross-reactivity between Anisakis simplex sensitization and visceral larva migrans by Toxocara canis

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00201-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M.J. Perteguer ◽

C. Cuéllar ◽

J.L. Guillén ◽

C. Águila ◽

S. Fenoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Anisakis Simplex ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans

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Toxocara Canis infestation with encephalitis

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100019661 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 114-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Nadia Z. Mikhael ◽

Vital J.A. Montpetit ◽

Manuel Orizaga ◽

Harry C. Rowsell ◽

Michael T. Richard

Keyword(s):

Present Report ◽

English Literature ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans ◽

Nematode Larvae ◽

Granulomatous Lesions ◽

Cerebral Involvement ◽

Histological Verification

SUMMARYThe syndrome “visceral larva migrans” produced by migration of nematode larvae (commonly Toxocara species) in the extraintestinal tissues in unusual hosts, including man (particularly children of dirt eating age), with the production of reactive granulomatous lesions, was first described in 1952. About 200 cases have been reported since. Well documented cases are rare due to the difficulty in histological verification. Three cases have been reported in Canada but these were not verified. We believe the present report is the first verified case of visceral larva migrans in Canada and the fifth case of human cerebral involvement by Toxocara in the English literature. It is hoped that this report will emphasize the need for further research into the role of host versus parasite and will underline the potential danger, albeit remote, of household pets to children. Indeed, prevention is the only line of attack, as there is no effective drug against the migrating larvae of Toxocara.

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Visceral larva migrans detection using PCR–RFLP in BALB/c mice infected with Toxocara canis

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x19000609 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

G. Özbakış ◽

A. Doğanay

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Development Stage ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans ◽

Molecular Method ◽

Affected Tissue ◽

Test Specificity ◽

Paratenic Hosts

Abstract Toxocara canis is an important zoonotic roundworm distributed worldwide. The infective larvae of T. canis are one of the causes of visceral larva migrans (VLM), a clinical syndrome in humans. Diagnosing VLM is difficult, and the differential diagnosis of the larval development stage is limited. Therefore, this experimental research aimed to diagnose T. canis larvae using a molecular method, not only in liver tissue, which is the most commonly affected tissue, but also in the limb muscles, lungs and brain tissues. For this purpose, 24 BALB/c mice were infected with 1000 embryonated T. canis eggs. Necropsies were performed on the second, fourth, seventh and 14th days post-infection. While a part of the samples were digested with pepsin-HCl, the molecular method was used for the remainder of the samples to replicate the mitochondrial DNA adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit-6 gene region of T. canis. BbsI, a restriction endonuclease, was used to determine the specificity of the amplicons obtained from Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection limit for embryonated eggs was recorded. The PCR results showed that the sensitivity of the PCR analysis was 83.3% in the liver (with 88.8% accuracy), 87.5% in the lungs (with 91.6% accuracy) and 75.0% in the brain, forelimb and hindlimb muscles (with 83.3% accuracy). In all tissues, the test specificity was determined to be 100%. In this study, the molecular method was applied to only experimentally infected BALB/c mice tissues; thus, it is suggested that it can be also employed in different paratenic hosts and materials possibly infected with T. canis.

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Presence of Toxocara canis eggs on the hair of dogs: A risk factor for Visceral Larva Migrans

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 174 (1-2) ◽

pp. 115-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hugo Leonardo da Cunha Amaral ◽

Gabriela Lopes Rassier ◽

Michele Soares Pepe ◽

Tiago Gallina ◽

Marcos Marreiro Villela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans

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Hepatic visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara Canis

Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique ◽

10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 573-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.H. Chandrashekhara ◽

R. Sharma ◽

S. Bagh ◽

P. Garg

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans

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Precipitin reactions in monkeys (Macaca sinica) experimentally infected with Toxocara canis and in children with visceral larva migrans syndrome

Journal of Comparative Pathology ◽

10.1016/0021-9975(70)90071-x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 407-IN12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.T. Fernando ◽

B. Vasudevan ◽

M.H.M. Hamza ◽

I.K.T. Panditha-Gunawardene ◽

H.T. Samarasinghe

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans ◽

Macaca Sinica ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans Syndrome

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VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.28.1.85 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

C. Harrison Snyder

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Infected Tissue ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Visceral Larva Migrans ◽

Small Children ◽

Eye Enucleation ◽

The Past

An analysis has been presented of the clinical features of visceral larva migrans based on the study of 20 cases seen during a 10-year period at the Ochsner Clinic. The disease is seen in small children who eat dirt and who thus ingest the ova of the canine roundworm, Toxocara canis. Larvae of the parasite invade the liver, causing hepatomegaly with extreme eosinophilia, and usually fever and anemia. Migration of the larvae to other organs may result in pneumonitis, encephalitis or myocarditis. Lesions may also be seen in skin, kidneys and possibly in bone. Proof of diagnosis requires biopsy of liver or other infected tissue. Treatment with diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan) may be helpful, but even without treatment, once pica is stopped most patients recover. Serious sequelae are seen in the form of intraocular granulomata, sometimes causing blindness. These lesions, because they resemble retinoblastoma, have in the past led to unnecessary enucleation of the eye. Enucleation for suspected retinoblastoma, therefore, should not be performed without due consideration of the possibility of a benign granuloma caused by T. canis.

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