<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ancillary health professionals helping in a procedural service is a common practice everywhere. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This was a proof-of-concept study to assess feasibility of using ancillary personnel for rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) at interventional pulmonary procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> After a training interval, a respiratory therapist (RT) performed ROSE on consecutive interventional pulmonary specimens. Sample sites included lymph nodes, lung, liver, and the left adrenal gland. RT findings were subsequently correlated with blinded cytopathology-performed ROSE and with final histopathology results, with primary foci of adequacy and the presence or absence of malignancy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy consecutive cases involved 163 separate sites for ROSE analysis. <b><i>Adequacy:</i></b> There was a high level of concordance between RT-performed ROSE (RT-ROSE) and cytopathology ROSE (CYTO-ROSE). They agreed upon the adequacy of 159 specimens. The Cohen’s κ coefficient ± asymptotic standard error (ASE) was 0.74 ± 0.175, with <i>p</i> < 0.0001. <b><i>Malignancy:</i></b> RT-ROSE concurred highly with CYTO-ROSE, with agreement on 150 (92%) of the 163 specimens. Cohen’s κ coefficient ± ASE was 0.83 ± 0.045, with <i>p</i> < 0.0001. When the comparison was for malignancy by case rather than individual site, Cohen’s κ coefficient ± ASE was 0.68 ± 0.08, with <i>p</i> < 0.0001. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrates that ancillary personnel supporting an interventional pulmonary service can be trained to perform initial ROSE. Cytopathology can be called after sampling and staining have produced adequate samples. This setup streamlines ROSE evaluation with regard to time and cost.
