PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH LATIHAN UPHILL DENGAN INTERVAL TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN LARI

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang perbandingan pengaruh latihan uphill dengan interval training terhadap peningkatan kecepatan lari pada siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya dan informasi tentang bentuk latihan yang paling efektif di antara keduanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan teknik tes. Populasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah siswa Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya sebanyak 32 orang yang dijadikan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dengan uji statistik, t hitung 2,05 sama dengan t tabel 2,05 dan berada di dalam daerah penerimaan hipotesis, sehingga hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis kerja diterima. Dengan demikian, terdapat pengaruh yang berarti antara kelompok A dan kelompok B dalam meningkatkan kecepatan lari. Dengan demikian, bahwa latihan uphill lebih berpengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan lari siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar para Pembina dan pelatih olahraga hendaknya selalu mencoba bentuk-bentuk latihan yang tepat sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai agar hasil latihannya memuaskan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menyusun dan melaksanakan program latihan yang bertujuan meningkatkan kecepatan lari. Kata Kunci : Latihan Uphil, Interval Training, Kecepatan Lari AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain information about the comparison of the effect of uphill training with interval training on increasing running speed in students participating in extracurricular football at SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya and information about the most effective form of training between the two. The research method used is an experimental method with test techniques. The research population used was 32 students who participated in the extracurricular football at SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya, who were sampled as many as 30 people. Based on the results of data processing with statistical tests, t count 2.05 is the same as t table 2.05 and is in the area of acceptance of the hypothesis, so the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the working hypothesis is accepted. Thus, there is a significant effect between group A and group B in increasing running speed. Thus, that uphill training has a significant effect on improving the running skills of the students participating in the extracurricular football at SMA Negeri 10 Tasikmalaya. From the results of this study it is suggested that the coaches and sports coaches should always try the right forms of training in accordance with the objectives to be achieved so that the training results are satisfactory. The results of this study can be used as a reference in preparing and implementing an exercise program aimed at increasing running speed.Keywords: Uphil Training, Interval Training, Running Speed

Rapid On-Site Cytologic Evaluation: A Feasibility Study Using Ancillary Interventional Pulmonary Personnel

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ancillary health professionals helping in a procedural service is a common practice everywhere. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This was a proof-of-concept study to assess feasibility of using ancillary personnel for rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) at interventional pulmonary procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> After a training interval, a respiratory therapist (RT) performed ROSE on consecutive interventional pulmonary specimens. Sample sites included lymph nodes, lung, liver, and the left adrenal gland. RT findings were subsequently correlated with blinded cytopathology-performed ROSE and with final histopathology results, with primary foci of adequacy and the presence or absence of malignancy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy consecutive cases involved 163 separate sites for ROSE analysis. <b><i>Adequacy:</i></b> There was a high level of concordance between RT-performed ROSE (RT-ROSE) and cytopathology ROSE (CYTO-ROSE). They agreed upon the adequacy of 159 specimens. The Cohen’s κ coefficient ± asymptotic standard error (ASE) was 0.74 ± 0.175, with <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001. <b><i>Malignancy:</i></b> RT-ROSE concurred highly with CYTO-ROSE, with agreement on 150 (92%) of the 163 specimens. Cohen’s κ coefficient ± ASE was 0.83 ± 0.045, with <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001. When the comparison was for malignancy by case rather than individual site, Cohen’s κ coefficient ± ASE was 0.68 ± 0.08, with <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrates that ancillary personnel supporting an interventional pulmonary service can be trained to perform initial ROSE. Cytopathology can be called after sampling and staining have produced adequate samples. This setup streamlines ROSE evaluation with regard to time and cost.

A Submaximal Exercise Patterns Intervention on the Plasmatic Leptin Level and Insulin Resistance for Overweight / Obesity Boys Adolescences

Objective: Obesity is a medical problem that increases the risk of health problems like diabetes. Hormones secreting from fat tissue, Leptin, are correlated with body mass index. Leptin reduces the personchr('39')s appetite by acting on specific centers of their brain to reduce their urge to eat. And insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is essential for regulating carbohydrates and the metabolism of fat. A positive relationship between leptin levels and insulin resistance in children showing in this study is to determine the effect of continues-endurance and interval-endurance on leptin serum levels and insulin resistance in over-weighted youths. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental design. Thirty boys were voluntarily selected as a matched two experimental groups and a control. Physical profiles included aged 16-19, BMI; 37.75 (±4.46) KG/M2, base functional capacity: 32.8 (±3.6) ml/kg/min which dividing by three equal groups: the submaximal training interval, a continuum and interval and control group performed the submaximal running program for six weeks on 3 D/W. The selected parameters were evaluated for an intervention pre and post-conditions. Results: weight and body mass index variables were decreased by about 2.5-3% after exercise intervention. Plasmatic leptin levels were reduced by about 45% in the continuum and interval control groups. HOMA-IR & QUICKI indexes altered in the EG (8.9 %, 7.8%) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Presumably, 2 exercise program patterns lower than lactate threshold could change body composition profile, basal leptin level, and blood glucose /insulin concentrations, which probably induced changes in resistance to insulin.

Pengaruh Latihan Lari Interval Dan Latihan Fartlex Terhadap Peningkatan Vo2 Max

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effect of interval training fartlex training on VO2max. This study used an experimental method with variable interval training and fartlek training, while the dependent variable was VO2max. The study sample of 26 students taken by stratified random sampling through paired matching techniques, .. Interval running exercises showed a significant effect on the increase in VO2max. 2. Running Fartlek shows a significant effect on the increase in VO2max. Test results with the second result value 0.00 <0.05 in interval training and in parl exercise training obtained 0.01 <0.05 before and after treatment can be concluded that the results obtained that Interval Running and Fartlex Exercise Influence the Significant Increase in Vo2max . Thus Fartlek exercises have a more significant influence on the increase in VO2max.Keywords: Farlek training, Interval training, VO2maxAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan fartlex latihan interval terhadap VO2max Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan variabel latihan lari interval dan latihan fartlek, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah VO2Max. Sampel penelitian 26 orang mahasiswa yang diambil secara stratified random sampling melalui teknik matching paired, ..Latihan lari Interval menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan VO2MAX. 2. Latihan lari Fartlek menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan VO2MAX. Hasil test dengan nilai hasil kedua nya 0.00< 0.05 pada latihan interval serta pada latihan parlek didapat sebesar 0.01< 0.05 sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan dapat di simpulkan bahwa jadi dari hasil yang didapat bahwa Latihan Lari Interval Dan Latihan Fartlex Berpengaruh Terhadap Peningkatan Vo2 Max yang disignifikan. Dengan demikian latihan Fartlek lebih memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan VO2MAX.Kata kunci: Fartlek, Interval, Latihan, Vo2max

Comparison of the Effect of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on Electrocardiogram of Active Young Girls

Aims: Few studies have examined the effects of various models of aerobic training on electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of continuous and interval aerobic training on ECG of active young girls. Methods & Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental and 30 active young girls were selected from among physical education students (age=17.0±0.4 y) and were randomly asPned to three groups of continuous aerobic training, interval aerobic training and control (each group was 10). The protocol of the trainings (eight weeks, three sessions per week) included 20-35 minutes of running per session, with an intensity of 60%-75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the training, general characteristics of subjects were measured and their ECGs were recorded. To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used at the Pnificant level of P<0.05. Findings: Eight-week continuous and interval aerobic training had no Pnificant effect on amplitudes of P, R, and T waves, PR interval and duration of ST segment (P>0.05), whereas both types of training similarly increased QT interval (continuous: P=0.001, interval: P=0.027) and reduced heart rate (continuous: P=0.002, interval: P=0.013). Only in the interval training group RR interval showed a Pnificant increase (continuous: P=0.079, interval: P=0.007). Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous and interval aerobic training appears to similarly decrease heart rate and increase QT interval in active young girls, whereas only interval aerobic training results in increased RR interval.

How to tell about errors not boringly: methodological analysis of expounding the basis of data processing

The authors continue to report about results they have obtained in the process of creating a special introductory one-semester Laboratory Physics course «Search for Physics laws». It is known that the teaching experience and the results of the performed tests show that most students do not acquire the basic skills for conducting an experimental research. This course was built on the basis of the algorithm of systematic construction of students’ skills for carrying out an experimental research. The authors have used Galperin’s stepwise teaching procedure which was developed on the assumption that learning any kind of knowledge involves different kinds of actions. The authors have analysed different ways of how to expound the basic ideas of data analysis, and shown their connection with the point, syncretic and training-interval paradigms. Action diagrams are provided for each type of expounding. As an example of using the training-interval paradigm for teaching first-year students of a technical university, a specially designed lab session is presented in the article. The topic of the session is “The concept of a confidence interval”. Laboratory Work 1 “The Buffon-de Morgan Experiment”. This lab session meets several important requirements: a) the number of computations is minimised; b) a directly measurable quantity is considered; c) students are provided with a “fulcrum” in the form of a priori known true value of a quantity. A general view on measuring physics quantities is summarised in four quite unexpected for students “unpleasant axioms”: 1) none of measured values coincides with the true value of a quantity; 2) the mean of measured values does not coincide with the true value of a quantity; 3) even if, by a lucky chance, one of measured values or the mean coincided with the true value of a quantity, we would never know about it; 4) a confidence interval catches the true value of a measured quantity only in 68% of cases. The authors claim that the presented lab lesson allows demonstrating the equity of these “axioms” clearly and vividly, and that the organised laboratory sessions in the new way are significantly more successful in improving students’ basic skills of error analysis than traditional laboratory sessions.

Effects of Interval Sprint Trainings on Heart Rate and 50 m Swimming Performances of Young Male Swimmers

Achieving superior performance in swimming, as in other sports, depends on the customization of training for young athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sprint interval trainings on heart rate and 50 m swimming performances of young male swimmers. 24 young male swimmers joined to the study by having their parents confirm the &ldquo;Parental Permission Form&rdquo;. Swimmers randomly divided into two groups as normal training group and interval sprint training group. As normal training group continued the routine swimming training, interval sprint trainings (8 x 50 interval repeats in crawl and backstroke styles) were applied to the other group additionally for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, at least 30 min a day. Rested-maximum heart rate, 50 m sprint swimming test in crawl and backstroke styles were applied to the swimmers in 1st and 8th weeks of the period. The analysis of data was made in the statistical package program by using &ldquo;Descriptive statistics&rdquo;, &ldquo;Paired t Test&rdquo; and &ldquo;Independent t Test&rdquo; for comparison. Results of pre- and post-test comparison of each group, significant differences were found in resting heart rate values of normal training group and all values of interval sprint training group (p &lt; .05). Results of comparison between groups, differences found statistically significant in 8th week maximum heart rate, crawl and backstroke performances (p &lt; .05). To conclude, we could say that the reason of finding significant differences in rested and maximum heart rate is the positive effects of physical activity on the cardio-vascular system (adaptation). And, the reason for the positive effects on sprint interval performance is depended on sprint interval swimming was acute origination of body&rsquo;s physiological reaction to rising energy need during short time and intensive physical activity even in micro plan.

Bolstering Cognitive Resilience via Train-the-Trainer Delivery of Mindfulness Training in Applied High-Demand Settings

Objectives Mindfulness training (MT) guidelines recommend that trainers have familiarity and knowledge of the training group as well as extensive MT expertise. Herein, a “train-the-trainer” (TTT) dissemination model was investigated for military service members whose access to MT is threatened by a scarcity of qualified trainers. Methods US Army Master Resilience Trainer-Performance Experts (PEs), who had extensive familiarity with soldiers but no prior MT experience, participated in an MT practicum, and then delivered a 4-week MT program (Mindfulness-Based Attention Training, MBAT) contextualized for military personnel. Soldiers (n = 180) undergoing intensive military field training over the study interval were recruited as participants. MBAT was delivered to soldiers by PEs (n = 89) or by a trainer with extensive MT experience (Mindfulness Expert; ME, n = 45) but no military familiarity. The remaining participants served as no-training controls (NTC, n = 46). Soldiers’ performance on sustained attention and working memory (WM) tasks was assessed before (week 0, T1) and after MBAT delivery (week 5, T2), and again 4 weeks later (week 10, T3). Results For all participants, sustained attention and WM performance declined over the high-demand field training interval (p < 0.001). Yet, the PE group declined significantly less in attentional (p = 0.040) and WM (p < 0.001) performance relative to the other groups. Conclusions These results suggest that TTT delivery of short-form MT by context-familiar trainers may be an expeditious route by which to increase access to MT in the service of promoting cognitive resilience in high-demand groups.