Hox Genes in Arthropod Development and Evolution

1998 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akam

1999 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Zákány ◽  
Denis Duboule


2017 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. S13-S14
Author(s):  
Fabrice Darbellay ◽  
Joszef Zakany ◽  
Bénédicte Mascrez ◽  
Denis Duboule




2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Iimura ◽  
Akiko Himeno ◽  
Ayako Nakane ◽  
Akira Yamaguchi


Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim G. M. Damen

Spiders belong to the chelicerates, which is a basal arthropod group. To shed more light on the evolution of the segmentation process, orthologs of the Drosophila segment polarity genes engrailed, wingless/Wnt and cubitus interruptus have been recovered from the spider Cupiennius salei. The spider has two engrailed genes. The expression of Cs-engrailed-1 is reminiscent of engrailed expression in insects and crustaceans, suggesting that this gene is regulated in a similar way. This is different for the second spider engrailed gene, Cs-engrailed-2, which is expressed at the posterior cap of the embryo from which stripes split off, suggesting a different mode of regulation. Nevertheless, the Cs-engrailed-2 stripes eventually define the same border as the Cs-engrailed-1 stripes. The spider wingless/Wnt genes are expressed in different patterns from their orthologs in insects and crustaceans. The Cs-wingless gene is expressed in iterated stripes just anterior to the engrailed stripes, but is not expressed in the most ventral region of the germ band. However, Cs-Wnt5-1 appears to act in this ventral region. Cs-wingless and Cs-Wnt5-1 together seem to perform the role of insect wingless. Although there are differences, the wingless/Wnt-expressing cells and en-expressing cells seem to define an important boundary that is conserved among arthropods. This boundary may match the parasegmental compartment boundary and is even visible morphologically in the spider embryo. An additional piece of evidence for a parasegmental organization comes from the expression domains of the Hox genes that are confined to the boundaries, as molecularly defined by the engrailed and wingless/Wnt genes. Parasegments, therefore, are presumably important functional units and conserved entities in arthropod development and form an ancestral character of arthropods. The lack of by engrailed and wingless/Wnt-defined boundaries in other segmented phyla does not support a common origin of segmentation.



2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Péley

A tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy az adaptív mechanizmusoknak és diszfunkcióiknak a finom elemzése jelentősen hozzájárul a fejlődés és a betegségek jobb megértéséhez, és a betegségek osztályozásának és a terápiáknak új útját nyithatja meg. Az evolúciós megközelítés a pszichoterápiába nem új elméletet vagy terápiás megközelítést kíván bevezetni, hanem az emberi természet törvényszerűségei mentén új megértési stratégiákat javasol. A patológiás szerveződést alapvetően az adaptivitás dimenziójában gondolja el. Ez kikényszeríti a fejlődési történet és a multikauzalitás szem előtt tartását. Hosszú távon ez a tüneti kategorizáción alapuló diagnosztika újragondolását is jelenti.



Author(s):  
Anthony Moung Yin Chan ◽  
Paul Lo ◽  
Kong Ng

Our study covered the development and evolution of the management accounting system of a subsidiary company in a group. Our study was a longitudinal one starting from the incorporation of the company. We divided this period into five stages according to the major events happened, namely the formation of the company, the invoicing crisis, the conflict with parent company, the conflict with fellow subsidiaries, and the influence of the chief executive. In our analysis we applied the three dimensions of structure in the theory of structuration (i.e., signification, legitimation and domination). The structuration theory explained the emergence of certain phenomena and events that were not explained by traditional accounting theories. Many events in our study validated the core ideas of the structuration theory which composes of the concepts of structure, system and duality of structure. The phenomena suggested that structure was both the medium and outcome of the conduct it recursively organized. Other features of the theory, such as the dialectic of control and system contradiction, were also applicable



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