Parasegmental organization of the spider embryo implies that the parasegment is an evolutionary conserved entity in arthropod embryogenesis

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim G. M. Damen
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Cubitus Interruptus ◽  
Cupiennius Salei ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Segment Polarity ◽  
Engrailed Genes ◽  
Arthropod Development ◽  
Spider Cupiennius Salei

Spiders belong to the chelicerates, which is a basal arthropod group. To shed more light on the evolution of the segmentation process, orthologs of the Drosophila segment polarity genes engrailed, wingless/Wnt and cubitus interruptus have been recovered from the spider Cupiennius salei. The spider has two engrailed genes. The expression of Cs-engrailed-1 is reminiscent of engrailed expression in insects and crustaceans, suggesting that this gene is regulated in a similar way. This is different for the second spider engrailed gene, Cs-engrailed-2, which is expressed at the posterior cap of the embryo from which stripes split off, suggesting a different mode of regulation. Nevertheless, the Cs-engrailed-2 stripes eventually define the same border as the Cs-engrailed-1 stripes. The spider wingless/Wnt genes are expressed in different patterns from their orthologs in insects and crustaceans. The Cs-wingless gene is expressed in iterated stripes just anterior to the engrailed stripes, but is not expressed in the most ventral region of the germ band. However, Cs-Wnt5-1 appears to act in this ventral region. Cs-wingless and Cs-Wnt5-1 together seem to perform the role of insect wingless. Although there are differences, the wingless/Wnt-expressing cells and en-expressing cells seem to define an important boundary that is conserved among arthropods. This boundary may match the parasegmental compartment boundary and is even visible morphologically in the spider embryo. An additional piece of evidence for a parasegmental organization comes from the expression domains of the Hox genes that are confined to the boundaries, as molecularly defined by the engrailed and wingless/Wnt genes. Parasegments, therefore, are presumably important functional units and conserved entities in arthropod development and form an ancestral character of arthropods. The lack of by engrailed and wingless/Wnt-defined boundaries in other segmented phyla does not support a common origin of segmentation.

scholarly journals Duplicated Hox genes in the spider Cupiennius salei

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn E Schwager ◽  
Michael Schoppmeier ◽  
Matthias Pechmann ◽  
Wim GM Damen
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Cupiennius Salei ◽  
Spider Cupiennius Salei

Cell patterning in the Drosophila segment: engrailed and wingless antigen distributions in segment polarity mutant embryos

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van den Heuvel ◽  
John Klingensmith ◽  
Norbert Perrimon ◽  
Roel Nusse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Communication ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Current View ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Cubitus Interruptus ◽  
Segment Polarity Genes ◽  
Segment Polarity

By a complex and little understood mechanism, segment polarity genes control patterning in each segment of the Drosophila embryo. During this process, cell to cell communication plays a pivotal role and is under direct control of the products of segment polarity genes. Many of the cloned segment polarity genes have been found to be highly conserved in evolution, providing a model system for cellular interactions in other organisms. In Drosophila, two of these genes, engrailed and wingless, are expressed on either side of the parasegment border, wingless encodes a secreted molecule and engrailed a nuclear protein with a homeobox. Maintenance of engrailed expression is dependent on wingless and vice versa. To investigate the role of other segment polarity genes in the mutual control between these two genes, we have examined wingless and engrailed protein distribution in embryos mutant for each of the segment polarity genes. In embryos mutant for armadillo, dishevelled and porcupine, the changes in engrailed expression are identical to those in wingless mutant embryos, suggesting that their gene products act in the wingless pathway. In embryos mutant for hedgehog, fused, cubitus interruptus Dominant and gooseberry, expression of engrailed is affected to varying degrees. However wingless expression in the latter group decays in a similar way earlier than engrailed expression, indicating that these gene products might function in the maintenance of wingless expression. Using double mutant embryos, epistatic relationships between some segment polarity genes have been established. We present a model showing a current view of segment polarity gene interactions.

scholarly journals The role of Notch signalling and numb function in mechanosensory organ formation in the spider Cupiennius salei

2009 ◽  
Vol 327 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Gold ◽  
James A. Cotton ◽  
Angelika Stollewerk
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Cupiennius Salei ◽  
Organ Formation ◽  
Spider Cupiennius Salei

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals 15-P027 Role of Hox genes in walking leg morphology specification in insects and spiders

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. S255
Author(s):  
Sara Khadjeh ◽  
Matthias Pechmann ◽  
Nikola-Michael Prpic-Schäper
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Leg Morphology

Anterior mesendoderm induces mouse Engrailed genes in explant cultures

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Ang ◽  
J. Rossant
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Neural Marker ◽  
Engrailed Genes ◽  
Anterior Posterior

We have developed germ layer explant culture assays to study the role of mesoderm in anterior-posterior (A-P) patterning of the mouse neural plate. Using isolated explants of ectodermal tissue alone, we have demonstrated that the expression of Engrailed-1 (En-1) and En-2 genes in ectoderm is independent of mesoderm by the mid- to late streak stage, at least 12 hours before their onset of expression in the neural tube in vivo at the early somite stage. In recombination explants, anterior mesendoderm from headfold stage embryos induces the expression of En-1 and En-2 in pre- to early streak ectoderm and in posterior ectoderm from headfold stage embryos. In contrast, posterior mesendoderm from embryos of the same stage does not induce En genes in pre- to early streak ectoderm but is able to induce expression of a general neural marker, neurofilament 160 × 10(3) M(r). These results provide the first direct evidence for a role of mesendoderm in induction and regionalization of neural tissue in mouse.

THE QUALITY OF VISION IN THE CTENID SPIDER CUPIENNIUS SALEI

1992 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. LAND ◽  
F. G. BARTH
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Cupiennius Salei ◽  
Quality Of Vision ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Retinal Resolution ◽  
Spider Cupiennius Salei ◽  
Median Eyes

Much is known about the mechanosensory behaviour of the spider Cupiennius Keyserling, but much less about its visual capabilities. In this study the quality of the optical image, the retinal resolution and the fields of view were assessed for each of the four pairs of eyes. The image is of good quality in all eyes. The principal (antero-median) eyes lack a tapetum and have an inter-receptor angle of 2.9°. The three secondary eyes (antero-lateral, postero-median and posterolateral) all have ‘gridiron’ tapeta with receptors arranged in rows. The angular separations (along rows × between rows) are 3.6° × 9.3°, 0.9° × 2.3° and 1.0° × 3.0°, respectively. Although the disposition of eyes on the head is similar to that of pisaurid spiders, all other features of the eyes, including the sizes and shapes of the fields of view, resemble those of lycosid spiders. The peripheral visual system of Cupiennius can thus, in principle, support a similar range of visual behaviour to that of lycosids, which includes prey capture, predator avoidance and courtship.

Neuroarchitecture of the arcuate body in the brain of the spider Cupiennius salei (Araneae, Chelicerata) revealed by allatostatin-, proctolin-, and CCAP-immunocytochemistry and its evolutionary implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Loesel ◽  
Ernst-August Seyfarth ◽  
Peter Bräunig ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Agricola
Keyword(s):  
Cupiennius Salei ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Spider Cupiennius Salei
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