Site-Related ^(13)C of Tree Leaves and Soil Organic Matter in a Temperate Forest

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1713-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Balesdent ◽  
Cyril Girardin ◽  
Andre Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Tree Leaves

scholarly journals Predicting decadal trends and transient responses of radiocarbon storage and fluxes in a temperate forest soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3013-3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Sierra ◽  
S. E. Trumbore ◽  
E. A. Davidson ◽  
S. D. Frey ◽  
K. E. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Carbon Dynamics

Abstract. Representing the response of soil carbon dynamics to global environmental change requires the incorporation of multiple tools in the development of predictive models. An important tool to construct and test models is the incorporation of bomb radiocarbon in soil organic matter during the past decades. In this manuscript, we combined radiocarbon data and a previously developed empirical model to explore decade-scale soil carbon dynamics in a temperate forest ecosystem at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. We evaluated the contribution of different soil C fractions to both total soil CO2 efflux and microbially respired C. We tested the performance of the model based on measurable soil organic matter fractions against a decade of radiocarbon measurements. The model was then challenged with radiocarbon measurements from a warming and N addition experiment to test multiple hypotheses about the different response of soil C fractions to the experimental manipulations. Our results showed that the empirical model satisfactorily predicts the trends of radiocarbon in litter, density fractions, and respired CO2 observed over a decade in the soils not subjected to manipulation. However, the model, modified with prescribed relationships for temperature and decomposition rates, predicted most but not all the observations from the field experiment where soil temperatures and nitrogen levels were increased, suggesting that a larger degree of complexity and mechanistic relations need to be added to the model to predict short-term responses and transient dynamics.

Determinants of soil organic matter chemistry in maritime temperate forest ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Vancampenhout ◽  
Bruno De Vos ◽  
Katinka Wouters ◽  
Hans Van Calster ◽  
Rudy Swennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems

scholarly journals The use of radiocarbon to constrain current and future soil organic matter turnover and transport in a temperate forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten C. Braakhekke ◽  
Christian Beer ◽  
Marion Schrumpf ◽  
Altug Ekici ◽  
Bernhard Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Turnover ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Turnover

scholarly journals Predicting decadal trends and transient responses of radiocarbon storage and fluxes in a temperate forest soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2197-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Sierra ◽  
S. E. Trumbore ◽  
E. A. Davidson ◽  
S. D. Frey ◽  
K. E. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Carbon Dynamics

Abstract. Representing the response of soil carbon dynamics to global environmental change requires the incorporation of multiple tools in the development of predictive models. An important tool to construct and test models is the incorporation of bomb radiocarbon in soil organic matter during the past decades. In this manuscript, we combined radiocarbon data and a previously developed empirical model to explore decade-scale soil carbon dynamics in a temperate forest ecosystem at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. We evaluated the contribution of different soil C fractions to both total soil CO2 efflux and microbially-respired C. We tested the performance of the model based on measurable soil organic matter fractions against a decade of radiocarbon measurements. The model was then challenged with radiocarbon measurements from a warming and N addition experiment to test multiple hypotheses about the different response of soil C fractions to the experimental manipulations. Our results showed that the empirical model satisfactorily predicts the trends of radiocarbon in litter, density fractions, and respired CO2 observed over a decade in the soils not subjected to manipulation. However, the model, modified with prescribed relationships for temperature and decomposition rates, predicted most but not all the observations from the field experiment where soil temperatures and nitrogen levels were increased, suggesting that a larger degree of complexity and mechanistic relations need to be added to the model to predict short-term responses and transient dynamics.

scholarly journals Tracing the source of soil organic matter eroded from temperate forest catchments using carbon and nitrogen isotopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma P. McCorkle ◽  
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe ◽  
Carolyn T. Hunsaker ◽  
Dale W. Johnson ◽  
Karis J. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Biochar amendment altered the molecular-level composition of native soil organic matter in a temperate forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry J. Mitchell ◽  
André J. Simpson ◽  
Ronald Soong ◽  
Myrna J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Environmental contextBiochar amendment in soil can sequester carbon but may also stimulate microbial activity, potentially enhancing soil organic matter degradation. We incubated biochar in a temperate forest soil and characterised the soil organic matter composition using molecular-level biomarker and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Biochar amendment altered the native soil organic matter composition and decreased the concentration of easily degradable soil organic matter components. AbstractBiochar amendment in soil can sequester carbon and improve soil water and nutrient retention, fertility and plant productivity. However, biochar may stimulate microbial activity, leading to priming or accelerated soil organic matter (OM) degradation, which could alter the native soil OM molecular composition. To investigate this, we amended sugar maple wood biochar (pyrolysed at 500°C) at four concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20 metric tons per hectare) in a temperate forest soil for 32 weeks. Solvent extraction and CuO oxidation were used to characterise free compounds and lignin-derived phenols respectively at 8 week intervals, while base hydrolysis was used to examine plant wax, cutin and suberin components at the end of the incubation. Stimulated soil microbial activity following an adaptation period (16 weeks) resulted in increased inputs of microbial- and plant-derived soil OM components including solvent-extractable short-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanoic acids, long-chain n-alkanes and n-alkanols, and sugars. Degradation parameters for base-hydrolysable cutin- and suberin-derived compounds did not show any significant degradation of these plant biopolymers. Analysis of lignin-derived phenols revealed lower concentrations of extractable phenols and progressive oxidation of syringyl and vanillyl phenols at higher biochar application rates over time. Solution-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of base-extractable soil OM after 32 weeks showed a decrease in the proportion of labile OM components such as carbohydrates and peptides and a relative increase in more recalcitrant polymethylene OM constituents in the amended soils. The biochar-mediated shifts in soil OM composition and reduction in labile carbon may reduce soil fertility in biochar-amended systems with long-term amendment.

Historical C3-C4 vegetation pattern on forested mountain slopes: its implication for ecological rehabilitation of degraded highlands of Ethiopia by afforestation

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewdu Eshetu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Ecological Rehabilitation ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Rotation Age

In Ethiopia, plantation forestry for soil conservation and wood supply is mainly based on exotic tree species harvested at 12–25-y rotation age. To evaluate if these forests truly represent ecological rehabilitation of degraded areas through the build-up of soil organic matter before harvest, relative abundances of C3 vs. C4 carbon in soils under a 25-y-old forest on Mt. Yegof have been studied based on changes in soil δ13C values due to vegetation cover changes by afforestation. At Yegof, shrub and tree leaves had δ13C value of −28.7 ± 0.4‰. The grasses showed a value of −30.7 ± 0.6‰ at 2700–3000 m asl (typical C3) and of −13.6 ± 0.3‰ at 2520 m asl (typical C4). Soil δ13C values were −21.7 ± 0.9‰ in soil at 0–5 cm and −20.7 ± 0.6‰ in soil at 30–50 cm indicating a long history of C4-dominated grass or cropland over the elevations sampled. The shifts towards lower δ13C values in soil at 0–5 cm coincide with 25 y of C3 vegetation. Carbon content in topsoil was 3.4–9.2% and in tree leaves was 45–56%. However, an estimate of new C3 carbon (54%) in 0–5 cm soil was low as compared with tropical rain-forest and savanna ecosystems suggesting a slow rate of carbon turnover at Yegof. The results suggest that degraded sites at Yegof may need further duration of forest cover longer than current rotation times of the forests to improve soil conditions and restore soil organic matter and carbon, which have been lost during the past land use. It is encouraging from the perspectives of ecological rehabilitation and soil conservation that a shift in the dominance from C4 vegetation types of agricultural and grassland ecosystems to C3 forest ecosystems could be established in less than 25 y on these highly degraded slopes of Mt. Yegof.

Influence of Warming on Plant- and Microorganism-Derived Soil Organic Matter in a Coniferous Temperate Forest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.O.E. Ofiti ◽  
C.U. Zosso ◽  
E.F. Solly ◽  
J.L. Soong ◽  
M.S. Torn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest
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