Militant Democracy and Fundamental Rights, I

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Constitutional Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The French Revolution

Fascism a World Movement. Fascism is no longer an isolated incident in the individual history of a few countries. It has developed into a universal movement which in its seemingly irresistible surge is comparable to the rising of European liberalism against absolutism after the French Revolution. In one form or another, it covers today more areas and peoples in Europe and elsewhere than are still faithful to constitutional government. Fascism's pattern of political organization presents a variety of shades. One-party-controlled dictatorships rule outright in Italy, Germany, Turkey, and, if Franco wins, also Spain. The so-called “authoritarian” states may be classified as belonging to the one-party or multiple-party type. To the one-party authoritarian group, without genuine representative institutions, adhere at present Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, and Portugal; while Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Latvia, and Lithuania may be classed together as authoritarian states of the multiple-party type, with a semblance of parliamentary institutions.

Postmodernism, French critics of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Lilly
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Rational Discourse ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second World

French anti-postmodernism emerged with the generation of philosophers that came of age in the late 1970s and early 1980s and counts among its ranks some of the most visible and prolific young scholars in France. Unlike schools of thought such as phenomenology, existentialism or Marxism, French anti-postmodernism has no founding figure, central text or core doctrine; anti-postmodernism (a term seldom, if ever, used by the French) therefore is less a philosophical school than a characterization for a diverse group of thinkers who react against those trends that have dominated French intellectual life since the Second World War, especially Marxism, structuralism, existentialism and deconstruction. These trends, grouped together under the heading of ‘postmodernism’, are seen by anti-postmodernists as the last episodes in a failed intellectual adventure whose origins go back at least to the French Revolution. Critical of nineteenth-century philosophy as having produced, on the one hand, totalizing, speculative philosophies such as those of Hegel and Marx, and, on the other hand, the anti-rationalism of Nietzsche and his postmodern scions, anti-postmodernists (or neo-moderns as the French prefer to say) represent a return to the concept of the individual and of history as the product of free human agency. Reaffirming the efficacy of public, rational discourse, they tend to be interested in political philosophy, taking democracy and its ideals as a model for raising and addressing philosophical issues. Pluralist in their outlook, they value the disciplinary structure of scholarly work; fields such as epistemology, theology, philosophy of science and the history of ideas which were neglected or marginalized by much postmodern thought have enjoyed renewed prestige and interest among the anti-postmodernists.

scholarly journals Mulheres do Povo e Espaço Público na Revolução Francesa: Uma Análise Através de Imagens

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Amanda De Queirós Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The One ◽  
The French Revolution

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a participação política feminina, principalmente das mulheres das camadas populares, durante a Revolução Francesa, e também a origem, os usos do termo femmes tricoteuses e quem eram as mulheres caracterizadas como tricoteuses. Para isso, faz uma análise de fontes documentais imagéticas do período disponíveis no acervo da Bibliothèque Nationale de France, comparando com a produção historiográfica sobre as mulheres na Europa Moderna – principalmente no recorte França do século XVIII -, Iluminismo e Revolução Francesa. Ademais, utiliza como arcabouço teórico-metodológico o capítulo intitulado “A Revolução Francesa: um relato através de imagens” de Michel Vovelle.Palavras-chave: História das mulheres; Iluminismo; Revolução Francesa. AbstractThis article aims to comprehend feminine political participation, mainly the one of lower classes women, during the French Revolution. Also it aims to comprehend the origin, uses of term femmes tricoteuses and who were the women characterized as tricoteuses. For this purpose, The article present an analysis of image sources of the period available in the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, compare images with historiography  productions about women in Modern Europe – mainly in France in the 18th century -, Enlightenment and French Revolution. Besides, it uses as theoretical-methodological support Michel Vovelle’s chapter  “A Revolução Francesa: um relato através de imagens”.Keywords: History of women; Enlightenment; French Revolution.

scholarly journals The Flight of Louis XVI. to Varennes. a Criticism of Carlyle

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-341
Author(s):  
Oscar Browning
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
The One ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

The arrest of Louis XVI. during his flight from Paris to Montmédy was one of the most important events in the history of the French Revolution, and probably one of the most important in the history of France. It also forms one of the best known and most admired portions of Carlyle's history of the Revolution. It occupies a whole book of the second volume, fifty-four pages of the Library edition. It may therefore be taken as a fair specimen of Carlyle's style, both in its strength and in its weakness. A careful examination of his narrative from a purely prosaic standpoint will throw light on his manner of composition. It may be said that it is un-gracious to criticise in the petty details of fact a narrative which has stirred so many hearts by its tragic pathos, and which in its broad outlines is consistent with the truth. But here lies the whole distinction between the historical poem and the historical novel on the one side, and history proper on the other. Carlyle would have said, if he had been asked, that his one object in writing history was to tell the truth. It is for this reason that he multiplies fact upon fact and detail upon detail, until he has brought the scene vividly before the eyes of the reader. His accuracy can be trusted where he has visited the scenes which he describes, and where he is not carried away by preconceived prejudices or ideas.In history truth is always more tragic and more moving than fiction.

Ancient Revolutions in the Literature of Polish Romanticism

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Junkiert
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
European Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
Literary Reception

This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.

‘The greatest irregular’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Scurr
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dramatic Narrative ◽  
The French Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

Thomas Carlyle claimed that his history of the French Revolution was ‘a wild savage book, itself a kind of French Revolution …’. This chapter considers his stylistic approaches to creating the illusion of immediacy: his presentation of seemingly unmediated fact through the transformation of memoir and other kinds of historical record into a compelling dramatic narrative. Closely examining the ways in which he worked biographical anecdote into the fabric of his text raises questions about Carlyle’s wider historical purposes. Pressing the question of what it means to think through style, or to distinguish expressive emotive writing from abstract understanding, is an opportunity to reconsider Carlyle’s relation to his predecessors and contemporaries writing on the Revolution in English.

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