Kinship and Marriage in the Soviet Union: Field Studies.

T. Anthony Jones; Tamara Dragadze; Vladimir Shlapentokh

doi:10.2307/2071719

Kinship and Marriage in the Soviet Union: Field Studies.

Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews ◽

10.2307/2071719 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

T. Anthony Jones ◽

Tamara Dragadze ◽

Vladimir Shlapentokh

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Soviet Union

Pingo collapse and paleoclimatic reconstruction

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e88-050 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 495-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. Ross Mackay

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Field Studies ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Long Time ◽

Western Arctic ◽

Arctic Coast ◽

Time Required

Long-term field studies of contemporary pingo growth, collapse, and rampart formation along the western Arctic coast of Canada provide criteria that may be helpful in the identification of pingo ramparts in nonpermafrost environments. Such criteria include the volume of the ramparts, which should approximate that of the enclosed depressions from which the rampart materials were derived; peripheral deposits associated with mass wasting, streamflow, and debris flow; casts of dilation crack ice trending across the ramparts; and high-angle peripheral normal faults. The conventional method of correlating the present mean annual air temperature with the present pingo distribution to establish warm-side limiting temperatures for paleoclimatic reconstruction is unsound, because most pingos in North America and the Soviet Union commenced growth hundreds to thousands of years ago under mean annual air temperatures that may have differed greatly from those of the present. Some other factors to be considered in paleoclimatic reconstruction are the thermal offset; site availability; the differing requirements for the growth of large pingos as compared with small pingos; and the long time required for pingos to grow to full size.

Downward water movement into frozen ground, western arctic coast, Canada

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e83-012 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 120-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

J. Ross Mackay

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Active Layer ◽

Water Movement ◽

Field Studies ◽

Frozen Ground ◽

Thermally Induced ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Field Evidence ◽

Hydraulic Gradients ◽

Ice Content

Field studies carried out mainly since 1975 in permafrost areas of Alaska, Canada, China, and the Soviet Union have been combined with the results of laboratory investigations to show that in summer water can move from the thawing active layer into the subjacent frozen active layer and under certain conditions even into the top of permafrost. Direct field evidence discussed includes: data from drilling and neutron probe logging, which show a summer increase in the ice content of already frozen ground; summer heave of heavemeters, with heave occurring in the frozen active layer; and increase in the ice content of the subjacent frozen ground in both permafrost and non-permafrost areas, caused by snowmelt infiltration. Indirect field and laboratory evidence is also added to support the direct lines of evidence. The conditions that favor the downward migration of water from thawed to frozen ground are examined in terms of thermally induced hydraulic gradients, hydraulic conductivity, content of unfrozen pore water, temperature gradients, ice content, and gravity. Some geocryologic implications of the summer growth of ice in frozen ground, including the effects on water balance calculations and the origin of patterned ground, are briefly mentioned.