Pingo collapse and paleoclimatic reconstruction

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Time Required

Long-term field studies of contemporary pingo growth, collapse, and rampart formation along the western Arctic coast of Canada provide criteria that may be helpful in the identification of pingo ramparts in nonpermafrost environments. Such criteria include the volume of the ramparts, which should approximate that of the enclosed depressions from which the rampart materials were derived; peripheral deposits associated with mass wasting, streamflow, and debris flow; casts of dilation crack ice trending across the ramparts; and high-angle peripheral normal faults. The conventional method of correlating the present mean annual air temperature with the present pingo distribution to establish warm-side limiting temperatures for paleoclimatic reconstruction is unsound, because most pingos in North America and the Soviet Union commenced growth hundreds to thousands of years ago under mean annual air temperatures that may have differed greatly from those of the present. Some other factors to be considered in paleoclimatic reconstruction are the thermal offset; site availability; the differing requirements for the growth of large pingos as compared with small pingos; and the long time required for pingos to grow to full size.

PARTICIPATION OF UZBEK SOLDIERS IN THE LIBERATION OF THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Ilkhomjon M. Saidov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article is devoted to the participation of natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in the Baltic operation of 1944. The author states that Soviet historiography did not sufficiently address the problem of participation of individual peoples of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, and therefore their feat remained undervalued for a long time. More specifically, according to the author, 40–42% of the working age population of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Such figure was typical only for a limited number of countries participating in the anti-fascist coalition. Analyzing the participation of Soviet Uzbekistan citizens in the battles for the Baltic States, the author shows that the 51st and 71st guards rifle divisions, which included many natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, were particularly distinguished. Their heroic deeds were noted by the soviet leadership – a number of Uzbek guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, Uzbekistanis fought as part of partisan detachments – both in the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the Western regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and Moldova. Many Uzbek partisans were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of I and II degrees.

Kinship and Marriage in the Soviet Union: Field Studies.

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
T. Anthony Jones ◽  
Tamara Dragadze ◽  
Vladimir Shlapentokh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Soviet Union

Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

The upper Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian-Permian) ammonoid Emilites

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal H. Mapes ◽  
Darwin R. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Permian Ammonoid

Four species of Emilites are now known; these are E. incertus (Böse), E. plummeri Ruzhencev, E. brownwoodi n. sp., and E. bennisoni n. sp. Representatives of this genus may occur as early as Middle Pennsylvanian in North America to as late as Early Permian in the Soviet Union. All described taxa are from North America except E. plummeri, which is from the Soviet Union. Because Emilites is extremely rare in upper Paleozoic ammonoid assemblages, generic and species level phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Emilites is not considered to be a good generic-level zone indicator due to its relatively long time range and its rarity.

scholarly journals Russia’s backyard – unresolved conflicts in the Caucasus

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Dominik Sonnleitner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Abroad

Abstract The Caucasus played a prominent role in the Russian foreign policy for a long time, which has not changed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Beginning with four general hypothesis about Russia’s interests in its “near abroad” the essays gives an insights in the current status and developments in the relations between Russia and its southern neighbors Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. A special focus is on the frozen conflicts in South Ossetia and Naghorno-Karabakh and Russia’s role in these conflicts.

scholarly journals Long-Term Mass Displacements—The Main Demographic Consequence of Nuclear Disasters?

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-48
Author(s):  
Dávid Karácsonyi ◽  
Kazumasa Hanaoka ◽  
Yelizaveta Skryzhevska
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Demographic Trajectories ◽  
Scientific Attention

Abstract Human history has witnessed several major disasters that have affected the economic, social and environmental conditions of their respective regions. The nuclear disaster of Chernobyl (1986, Ukraine, that time the Soviet Union) and Fukushima (2011, Japan) appears to be the most significant disasters in terms of negative outcomes produced for their population over a long time. Despite this, the analysis of the socio-economic outcomes of these disasters has attracted much less scientific attention than health or radiation-related issues (UNDP 2002a; Lehman and Wadsworth 2009, 2011). Although nuclear accidents are deemed to be rare events, the Fukushima disaster occurred only 25 years after Chernobyl. These disasters highlighted the need for a detailed long-term socio-economic analysis of these accidents to acquire sufficient knowledge to be applied when considering new construction sites for nuclear power facilities (Lehman and Wadsworth 2011). This chapter focuses on the problem of permanent resettlement resulting from nuclear disasters and its effects on regional demographic trajectories and spatial shifts. Based on the results of this study we argue that mass displacement after a nuclear disaster rather than the radiation itself has a much more significant impact on deteriorating health, natural reproduction and economic performance of the affected population. Furthermore, given the differences in radio-ecological conditions, reconstruction policy and the time framework, Fukushima may demonstrate demographic consequences that are different from the Chernobyl case.

scholarly journals Islam and Politics in Central Asia

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
M.E. Ahrari
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Islam And Politics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tribal Populations

The emergence of the five independent and predominantly Muslim statesKazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan-in theaftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union raises the issue of the role of Islamin their future development. Since Islam does not allow a separation of religionand politics, Islamic political panies have already been active, albeit with differentintensity, in these countries. None of these countries has had a history ofindependence; for a long time, they were colonized (their most recent history ofcolonization goes back to the 1860s. when the Russians began to conquer andcolonize the Central Asian villages) by czarist Russia, then from 1917 by thecommunist czars. Consequently, after independence their political elite (for themost part, former communists) remain substantially unfamiliar with the practiceof democratic governance. As such, even after changing the names of communistparties in their respective countries, they essentially practice authoritarianpolicies in which little or no political pluralism is tolerated. Therefore. anyevolution of democracy in these statei in the immediate or middle-range futureis unlikely. However. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are two exceptions to thisrule.Not coincidentally. both Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan top the list of ethnicallypluralist states, and their economies are doing well compared to their CentralAsian counterparts. However, this ethnic pluralism has not only polarized theirpopulations along indigenous and Russian lines but also keeps their leaders fromallowing any substantial role for lslamist parties. Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan,and Tajikistan have a lesser problem emanating from ethnic pluralism.However, the lion's share of these countries' problems stems from the acutelyauthoritarian nature of their leader hip, and, more imponant, their severe economicunderdevelopment. One has to keep these variables in mind as one readsMehrdad Haghayeghi's book, Islam and Politics in Central Asia.Describing the presence of Islam in Central Asia, The author states that "thesedentary populations of the oasis enclaves and the tribal populations of theSteppe and the surrounding regions" were differently influenced by Islam. Hegoes on to observe:The enormous size and remoteness oft.he Steppe, the lack of adequate military manpower.the political instability at the heart of the Arab empire, and the absence of ...

scholarly journals Influence of Cultural and Historical Context on the Moral Competence in Modern Society (in Terms of Georgia and Russia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-173
Author(s):  
Eka Kaznina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior

The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 sharply cast the relationships between the Republics of post-Soviet space and Russia back, mutual trust was  lost, economic and cultural interaction was practically stopped. The global changes of the 1990s in the field of political order, social and economic lifestyle in the countries of the former socialist camp brought up to severe demographic situation (depopulation), impoverishment of its significant part, criminalization of society and, what is quite important, to negative changes in consciousness and behavior of its population, including deformation of ethical code of personality, for long time fixing the acute social-cultural situation. A. Zhuravlev & A. Yurevich call that the moral collapse.                It is worth mentioning that the economic crisis of the 90s in Georgia was considerably more serious than in Russia. Attempt to teach norms of “new” morale were done by M. Saakashvili (2009–2013), who declared that during 20 years he would be able to change the mentality of Georgians – rejection of the Russian culture and language up to prohibition and adherence to anti-Russian policy at a level of the State. The author reports on that project and she intends to find the difference of how moral competence is understood by the generation which was formed in 1990s and the generation formed under the Soviet Union. 

Cooperation between the USSR and the PRC in the field of physical culture and sports in the 1950s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
N.R. Novoseltsev ◽  
◽  
A.V. Surzhko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The 1950S

The article examines the main aspects of cooperation between the USSR and the PRC in the field of physical culture and sports in the «golden age» of Soviet-Chinese relations in the 1950s. Sport has become one of the factors that contributed to active bilateral cooperation between the two countries. The Soviet Union, as an “elder brother”, provided the young People’s Republic of China with comprehensive assistance in the development of national physical culture and sports, shared experience, and also sent and received numerous sports delegations. The beginning of the Soviet-Chinese split for a long time suspended cooperation between the two countries, including in the sports field, which was resumed only in the 1980s.

Prerequisites for the formation of a social security philosophy in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
S. Kononov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of the social security philosophy on the territory of the Russian state, where, as the authors show, the ideas about the need to ensure a decent level of existence for the individual and society have already been known since the beginning of the XIX century. The aim of the article is to trace how the understanding of security has changed in Russian science. The article uses the method of phenomenological and comparative analysis, with the help of which the study of domestic security concepts was carried out. The first task posed by the authors is to consider the discussion about safe development among pre-revolutionary authors, the result of which was the formation of an idea about the special role of the Russian state in ensuring the security of society. The second task is to consider the Soviet concept of security, centered round the concept of a state system for providing armed protection against external enemies. As the authors have shown, this concept was characterized by the refusal to take into account the influence of social, economic and spiritual factors of security. The third task was to analyze the post-Soviet concept of security, within which the relationship between society and the state was rethought, which ceased to interfere indefinitely in the social and personal spheres of life and rejected a simplified understanding of the problem of ensuring security, which for a long time was considered only as counteraction to external threats

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