United States Versus Great Britain in the Matter of the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries

On the 15th of November, 1912, the United States and Great Britain formally ratified and put into effect an agreement which, in consequence of diplomatic negotiations covering nearly two years, had been signed by their plenipotentiaries on the 20th of July, 1912, adopting with certain modifications the rules and method of procedure embodied in the award of the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration Tribunal, rendered at The Hague on September 7, 1910, under which all questions hereafter arising in regard to the exercise of American fishing liberties under the treaty of 1818 may be determined in accordance with the principles laid down in the award. This agreement constitutes the final step which was necessary to complete and perfect the arbitration award and give it practical application; and the award and this agreement together establish for all time the extent of the rights and obligations of the inhabitants of the United States in the exercise of thenfishing liberties under the treaty of 1818.

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The North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2186762 ◽

1911 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert Lansing

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Arbitral Tribunal ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

The Hague ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Constant Source

The Arbitral Tribunal of the Permanent Court at The Hague, by its award of the 7th of last September, in the case of the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries, brought to a close a controversy which in its various phases has been an almost constant source of vexatious dispute between the United States and Great Britain for the past seventy years.A treaty, granting exceptional rights, such as that which this Tribunal was called upon to consider, is peculiarly susceptible to different interpretations as the course of time brings new conditions not contemplated by its negotiators. The relations of the parties are changed. A liberty which at the date of the treaty was considered indispensable may become worthless, while one which was deemed insignificant may in years assume a place of vital importance to the beneficiaries under the grant. This change of conditions and of the value of rights has been especially true of the liberties acquired by the United States for its inhabitants under the first article of the Treaty of October 20, 1818.

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The NATO Defense College

Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society ◽

10.1017/s0368393100071108 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 63 (582) ◽

pp. 369-371

Author(s):

G. Kenyon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Britain ◽

United States Army ◽

Air Force ◽

North Atlantic ◽

French Government ◽

The North ◽

Trained Staff ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Major General

The College owes its origin to the early days of NATO when the first Supreme Allied Commander Europe, General Eisenhower, was confronted with the problem of finding suitably trained staff to fill the posts in the NATO organisation. He therefore proposed to the Standing Group that a Defense College should be formed to fulfil this function. This proposal was agreed and the French Government set aside part of the historic Ecole Militaire building in Paris to house the college. The first course began in November 1951, some two years after the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty and since then fifteen courses have been held, each of approximately six months duration.The first Commandant was Admiral Lemonnier of France, who was succeeded by Air Marshal Sir Lawrence Darvall, R.A.F., Great Britain, Lieutenant General Clovis E. Byers, United States Army, Lieutenant General de Renzi, Italian Army, and Major General Estcourt, British Army. The present Commandant is Lieutenant General Ariburun of the Turkish Air Force.

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Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement Between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Released to the Press January 27, 1950.

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300029398 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 362-369

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Great Britain ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

North Atlantic ◽

The United States ◽

Mutual Aid ◽

The North ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The North Atlantic

The Governments of the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;Being parties to the North Atlantic Treaty signed at Washington on April 4, 1949;Considering their reciprocal pledges under Article 3 of the North Atlantic Treaty separately and jointly with the other parties, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid, to maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack;

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Epidemiology of a Phocine Distemper Virus Outbreak Along the North Atlantic Coast of the United States

Aquatic Mammals ◽

10.1578/am.43.3.2017.254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 254-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Siembieda ◽

Ailsa J. Hall ◽

Frances M. D. Gulland ◽

Teri Rowles ◽

Mendy Garron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

The United States ◽

The North ◽

Phocine Distemper Virus ◽

The North Atlantic

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The role of the “North Atlantic Triangle” in the development of Canadian foreign policy: on the question of interpretations of the concept

Tambov University Review Series Humanities ◽

10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-195-329-340 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 329-340

Author(s):

Nataliia Y. Zhukovskaya

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Great Britain ◽

North Atlantic ◽

The United States ◽

National Interests ◽

The North ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Canadian Foreign Policy ◽

The North Atlantic

An analysis of various interpretations of the concept of the “North Atlantic Triangle” in the context of the development of Canadian foreign policy in the late 19th – first half of the 20th centuries is presented. The relevance of the work is due to the need to study the interaction of the Atlantic powers in historical dynamics, with an emphasis on the origins of the development of the “North Atlantic triangle”. Based on the classic works of Canadian historians and the works of modern researchers, the concept of the “North Atlantic Triangle” is analyzed through three main ideas: the “bookkeeper’s puzzle”, the idea of “counterweight” and the idea of a “bridge” or “linchpin”. It is concluded that the development of Canadian national interests began long before Canadians recognized themselves as a nation and gained the ability to pursue an independent foreign policy. This process was largely determined by a specific relationship between two centers of gravity: Great Britain and the United States. Canada was the weakest side of this construct, therefore, for reasons of security and the preservation of its own interests, it developed certain scenarios of relations with the Atlantic partners. Depending on historical circumstances, the emphasis in these scenarios was different. That is why interpretations of the concept of the “North Atlantic Triangle” often differ depending on the subject content and chronological boundaries of a particular study. However, it has been proven that the main goal setting of Canadian foreign policy priorities – to ensure their own security and derive maximum benefit from relations within the “North Atlantic Triangle”, skillfully smoothing out contradictions and maneuvering between Great Britain and the United States – remained unchanged.

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