Development of information competencies in the project activities of a designer student

We substantiate the necessity of developing a holistic, continuous and profile-oriented approach to the process of developing information competencies in design-projecting in higher education. The problem of developing skills of working in a team with production specialists and customers, as well as skills of creating innovative projects, is raised. We solve the problems of improving the effectiveness of training designers in the context of modernization and integration of the content of education at the university, namely: the components of the structure of information competencies in the projecting in design of students of future designers (motivational-value, content-procedural) are formulated and highlighted; the stages of the development of information competencies of students during the study of academic disciplines related to design-projecting are highlighted and substantiated; indicators for assessing the development of basic information competencies in the projecting in design of the design students are developed in accordance with the levels established by the Federal State Educational Standard: reference, standard, threshold; a methods for the development of basic information competencies in the educational design activities of designers are developed. Theoretical conclusions and the scientific and methodic complex of the discipline “Projecting in Graphic Design”, developed on their basis, can become the main component for the scientific and methodic support of training designers at the university in the context of a competence-based approach to training and become the main part of practice-oriented project work in design-projecting in the preparation of future designers at the university, as well as in the development of advanced training courses for teachers of creative specialties.

“Now they are in Tambov in real mourning”: the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate

We examine the purpose, reasons and course of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate, raised by the governor N.P. Muratov. On the basis of archival and memoir sources, the conflict between N.P. Muratov and the director of the Tambov music school S.M. Starikov is reconstructed, the main reason for which was the anti-Semitic views of the Tambov governor. The practices and approaches used by N.P. Muratov in the implementation of discriminatory legislation and his views in the context of their prevalence in the governor’s corps of the period under study are considered. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the need for a clearer understanding of the mechanisms and principles of interaction between the pro-vincial government and society in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. It is concluded that, despite the discriminatory legislation against Jews in force in the Russian Empire, N.P. Mura-tov could not deprive S.M. Starikov of his post thanks to the support provided to him by the Im-perial Russian Musical Society. At the same time, the anti-Semitic views of N.P. Muratov do not reflect the views of the entire governor corps of this period or the officials of the Russian Empire as a whole.

Governor-general and ruler of the viceroyalty in the system of the administrative and territorial structure of the Russian Empire in 1775–1796

The research is devoted to the study of the emergence and evolution of the institution of governorship. We consider the place and role, the specifics of the division of powers of the gover-nor-general and the ruler of the viceroyalty in the system of government of the Russian state in 1775–1796. Catherine II, from the beginning of her reign, made many efforts to strengthen the authority and power of the sovereign’s representative at local level – the governor. The governor-general and the governor were representatives of the central government and carried out its in-structions. In the newly created viceroyalties, the governor served as the direct ruler of the vice-royalty, and the role of the governor–general was to oversee the local administration and the com-munication between it and the central government. The inconsistency of the administrative and territorial reform led to the fact that one governor-general was appointed to several governorates, and the governor remained in each. The vertical structure of executive power built by Catherine II led to the high authority and quite successful activity of the governors. After becoming emperor, Paul I brought the reform carried out by Catherine II to its logical conclusion. During the reform of the governorate administration, the institution of the governor-general was abolished, and the governor became the main type of governor of the governorate.

Phenomenon of self-learning to read in preschool age

The introductory part of the article provides historical information about the origin and development of types of reading and readers in Russia. The main part describes the experience of children self-learning to read in the conditions of different social groups families in the past and present. The results of survey methods, questionnaires, and comparative analysis of materials used in the study of the problem of self-learning to read are shown. The opinion of scientific psychologists (D.B. Elkonin) and methodist (M.R. Lviv) on self-learning to read in preschool age is expressed. In the process of studying the methodic phenomenon of self-learning to read, the peda-gogical conditions necessary for the implementation of the desired result are developed and gene-ralized. We emphasize the importance of the theory of developing the correct reading activity of professor N.N. Svetlovskaya for the professional organization of learning to work with a book in kindergarten. The conclusions reflect a pedagogical pattern: knowledge of the age capabilities of preschoolers contributes to the correct choice of types of reading activity, which should be com-bined with the game as the leading children’s activity, as well as with methods and techniques of work on the general and speech development of the child. In summary, the problem of further re-search of the topic is named.

Art activities as a means of emotional development of preschool students with disabilities in inclusive education

The work presents a scientific study of an emotional preschool student with disabilities by means of art activities in inclusive education. The number of children with the status of “child with disabilities” in preschool institutions is increasing annually. We study children “included in inclusive practice” as children, who need not only a special educational conditions, but also conditions that provide them with emotional well-being, emotional responsiveness, adequate expression of their own feelings. The results of an experimental study carry out on the basis of kindergartens in the city of Tambov are presented. 40 preschool students with disabilities took part in the experimental work. The study of the emotional sphere is carried out with the help of diagnostic methods: “Anxiety Test” (R. Tammle, M. Dorkey, V. Amen); “Locomotive” (S.V. Veliyeva); “Non-existent animal” (M.Z. Drukarevich); “Cactus” (M.A. Panfilova); “Methods for studying the ability to recognize emotional states” (L.F. Fatikhova, A.A. Kharisova). The results of the study show a low level of emotional development in preschool students with disabilities. The conducted research presents the program “Rainbow of Colours” aimed at emotional development and overcoming negative emotional states in preschool students with disabilities by means of artistic activity in an inclusive education. The pedagogical program includes work with children, parents and educators. In the developing parts of the experiment, methods of work that provide the skills of emotional self-expression of children in visual activity, influencing their awareness of their feelings, experiences and emotional statesare also used. The work presents a comparative analysis of the emotional development of preschool students with disabilities using non-traditional means of visual activity at the control stage. The obtained experimental data confirm the effectiveness of the tested program and can be used in the system of inclusive education.

Current issues of improving tactical and special training in the contemporary context of practical training of employees of internal affairs authorities

We consider the issues of ensuring personal safety measures for cadets and students of educational institutions of higher education of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia during practical classes in academic disciplines of Tactical and Special Training Department. The significance and importance of observing personal safety measures in the preparation of cadets and students are shown. The main measures aimed at ensuring the personal safety of cadets (students) during practical classes in academic disciplines of Tactical and Special Training Department are highlighted. The training program for cadets and students of an educational institution of higher education of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has a capacious system of directions. Of course, tactical and special training plays an important role in this system. The proper provision of measures for the personal safety of students can have a fruitful effect on the proper training of cadets and students in the disciplines of Tactical and Special Training Department.

The army and the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918

The process of disorganization of the armed forces of Austria-Hungary in 1918 is considered through the prism of the national issue and the prospects for the further preservation of the Habsburg Monarchy. It is concluded that the military and diplomatic victories won in the early 1918 by Austria-Hungary were illusory and only put off the inevitable defeat of its army. Investigation of the first cases of mass withdrawal from obedience of military units in the spring and summer of 1918, showed that they were an interweaving of social, national-political and military reasons proper. At the same time, a serious discrepancy was revealed between Slovenian and Italian researchers in the interpretation of the reasons for the uprising in the 97th infantry regiment stationed in the Slovenian Radkersburg (Radgon). If for the former it was typical, following the Marxist tradition, to emphasize the social contradictions that led to the revolutionization of the army according to the “Russian model”, the latter praised the participants in the uprising from the Italian side as genuine national patriots. It is shown that the “shock force” of all the soldiers’ uprisings that broke out in the spring and summer of 1918 in the Austro-Hungarian army were servicemen who returned from Russian captivity in the spring of 1918, where some of them were imbued with revolutionary ideas. The conclusion is drawn about the extreme severity of military justice, which condemned many of the insurgents to death, which became the reason for deputy inquiries.

British Air Force slang. Influence of the First World War

World War One had an impact not only the development of international relations throughout the 20th century, but also led to the creation of air forces of different countries. More than 30 countries participated in the First World War. The British Empire, which fought on the side of the Entente, was one of them. During the First World War, the importance of the Air Force increased. It played a decisive role in gaining dominance amidst the aerospace. Aviation, which tasks included aerial reconnaissance and bomb attacks, evolved significantly. A huge number of new experimental military equipment have appeared. All of this produced a huge number of military slang terms. In this study, we will examine the slang terms that appeared in the slang of the British Air Force during the First World War, classify them and make a conclusion about the influence of the First World War on the development of military slang terms. During the training of specialists in the linguistic support of military activity, the topic of military slang remains understudied, which is why interpreters have difficulties in translating slang units. Therefore, the studying of this phenomenon can improve the skills of military interpreters and allow them to avoid major mistakes in their professional activity.

Former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Tambov Governorate after the February Revolution of 1917

The problems of changing the position of the Ministry of Internal Affairs after the events of February–March 1917 in the Tambov Governorate are investigated. We study the state policy, the attitude of local authorities and the public to representatives of this socio-professional group, individual features of the adaptation of its representatives to new socio-political conditions. The relevance of the research is due to both significant gaps in the historiography of the issue, especially at the regional level of the study of the problem, and a certain consonance with the modern problems of Russian law enforcement agencies in the context of transformations. It is concluded that representatives of the broad popular strata and the soldier masses treated former em-ployees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs extremely negatively, which was especially pronounced in the period that followed the revolutionary events of February 1917. However, the leadership of both the governorate as a whole and in individual counties pursued an ambivalent policy towards representatives of this social and professional group. On the one hand, the tasks were set for the maximum removal of former law enforcement officers from participation in public and political life, and on the other, their professional skills were in demand in the newly created militia bodies.

Discussion as a mechanism for the development of students’ coherent oral Russian speech: theory and method

The study is devoted to the consideration of the features of the development of coherent oral Russian speech of students in social reality. Many theoretical works are devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of coherent Russian speech, since correct, normalized speech allows you to effectively interact in all spheres of life. Without a high level of speech skills, it is impossible to argue and develop freely, speech should not be con-strained, which, in turn, will allow a more thorough approach to the substantive side of the process of speech activity. In order to identify the level of development of oral Russian speech and solve problems, we present an analysis of pedagogical research in the form of a control discussion on a given topic. We also describe the basics of the working methods at the preparatory stage of the discussion as one of the forms for the implementation of coherent oral Russian speech. The results of the study showed that without preliminary preparation for oral utterance under the strict guidance of a teacher, students make a significant number of errors and shortcomings, among which we can especially note: lexical, punctuation, intonation, and logical. Based on the results of the study, we state that the most important components of the process of oral Russian speech development are pre-training and the teacher’s word, which has a significant positive effect on the development and development of students’ coherent oral speech. The theoretical and practical significance of the presented study lies, first of all, in the fact that it has a scientific and cognitive value.