A Chronology of Upper Willamette Valley, Oregon, Prehistory

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-568
Author(s):  
John R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Cross Dating

On the basis of an analysis of data from 34 of the most thoroughly examined sites in the Upper Willamette Valley of Oregon, a chronological framework is devised that divides the prehistory of the region into five major periods: Period I, ranging between 8000 and 6000 B.C.; Period II, between 6000 and 4000 B.C.; Period III, between 4000 and 250 B.C.; Period IV, 250 B.C. to A.D. 1700; and Period V, the protohistoric and historic period dating between 1700 and approximately 1850. The bracketing dates for these periods are based on a combination of chronometric and relative dating techniques, including radiocarbon dating, tree-ring counts, typological comparison, pollen analysis, cross-dating with historic artifacts, and stratigraphy.

scholarly journals Using Annual Resolution Pollen Analysis to Synchronize Varve and Tree-Ring Records

Quaternary ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Theuerkauf ◽  
Eike Engelbrecht ◽  
Nadine Dräger ◽  
Michael Hupfer ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Varved Lake Sediments ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Annual Resolution

Fossil wood and varved lake sediments allow proxy analysis with exceptionally high, (sub-)annual resolution. Both archives provide dating through ring and layer counting, yet with different accuracy. In wood, counting errors are small and can be eliminated through cross-dating because tree-rings show regionally synchronous patterns. In varved sediments, counting errors are larger and cross-dating is hampered by missing regional patterns in varve parameters. Here, we test whether annual pollen analysis is suited to synchronize varve records. To that end, annual pollen deposition was estimated in three short cores from two lakes in north-eastern Germany for the period 1980–2017 CE. Analysis has focused on Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, which show the strongest annual variations in flowering (mast). For both tree taxa, annual flowering variations recorded by forest and pollen monitoring are well represented in varved lake sediments, hence indeed allow us to synchronize the records. Some pollen mast events were not recognized, which may relate to sampling uncertainties, redeposition or regional variations in flowering. In Fagus sylvatica, intense flowering limits wood growth in the same year. Peaks in pollen deposition hence correlate with minima in tree-ring width, which provides a link between varved lake sediments and fossil wood.

Radiocarbon dates from Fazzan, southern Libya

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mattingly ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
John Dore
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Full List ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractThis short paper presents a full list of the currently available radiocarbon dates from the work of Charles Daniels in the 1960s-1970s and the Fazzan Project (1997-2001). The dates can be grouped into several categories, by site or area, and demonstrate the potential of radiocarbon dating being applied to historic-period archaeology in the Sahara. This complements earlier Italian work on later prehistory. One of the most important conclusions to emerge is that the construction of castle-like buildings in Fazzan began within the Garamantian period and that some of the numerous well-preserved mudbrick fortified sites are thus rather earlier than has previously been envisaged. A second important conclusion is that the use of AMS dating can help to identify and confirm activity of the post-Garamantian and early Islamic phases, which has hitherto been elusive.

A new computer program for estimating the statistical significance of cross-dating positions for "floating" tree-ring series

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yamaguchi ◽  
George L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Fortran Program ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Cross Dating

CORREL is a FORTRAN program that employs cross correlation to (i) determine potential cross-dating (matching) positions for "floating" (undated) ring series; (ii) detect missing or false rings; and (iii) estimate the statistical significance of potential dating positions. To work properly, CORREL input data must be detrended and modeled using the autoregressive moving average procedure. To guard against spurious dating, the output's best date should be checked for dating consistency. The significance level of the best date is obtained by adjusting its single-dating-trial significance for multiplicity (repeated dating trials). Ideally, COREL should be used with the detrending tree-ring programs ARSTAN or INDEX, and with the data quality-control program COFECHA.

Archaeogeophysical Exploration

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Herz ◽  
Ervan G. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Geophysical techniques are a commonplace tool in today's archaeology as a result of an extensive collaboration between scientists and archaeologists on both sides of the Atlantic. This "cross-fertilization" has produced growing subdisciplines, of which archaeological geophysics is one example. As may be recalled from our introductory chapter, K. Butzer defined geoarchaeology as archaeology done using a geological methodology. G. Rapp and J. A. Gifford describe archaeological geology as the use of geological techniques to solve archaeological problems. Fagan has called geoarchaeology a "far wider enterprise than geology," involving (1) geochemical and geophysical techniques to locate sites and features; (2) studies of site formation and spatial context; (3) geomorphology, palynology, paleobotany; (4) absolute and relative dating procedures; and (5) taphonomic studies. Archaeological geophysics is a major aspect of archaeological geology. The application of geophysical exploration techniques in archaeology is also known as archaeogeophysics. Geophysical methods of potential usefulness to archaeological geology fall within the following classes: 1. seismic: reflection/refraction 2. electrical & electromagnetic: resistivity and conductivity 3. magnetic 4. radar 5. microgravity 6. thermography All have been used on a variety of archaeological problems. The application of geophysical techniques has grown as (1) the access to the instruments and (2) the methodological understanding of the users have increased. Access to geophysical instrumentation has been made easier by the steady development in solid-state design and computerization, which has reduced size and costs as it has in almost every technical field. The beneficiaries are the geologists and archaeologists. The first to recognize the applicability of geophysical methods to archaeology were the geologists—more specifically, the geophysicists. Working in association with their archaeological colleagues, the earth scientists translated the objectives of the archaeologists into practice. Such cooperation was very productive but suffered from the same kinds of problems that dogged the early usage and acceptance of radiocarbon dating. The archaeologists' untutored enthusiasm, coupled with their lack of a true understanding of the physics and atmospheric chemistry inherent in that technique, led to a backlash of skepticism when dates reported by the first radiocarbon researchers were found to be in error.

scholarly journals CALCINED BONE AS A RELIABLE MEDIUM FOR RADIOCARBON DATING: A TEST USING PAIRED NORTH AMERICAN SAMPLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Chatters ◽  
James W. Brown ◽  
Steven Hackenberger ◽  
Patrick McCutcheon ◽  
Jonathan Adler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Chronometric Analysis ◽  
Calcined Bone ◽  
Age Estimates

Radiocarbon dating using charcoal and bone collagen, two standards of archaeological chronology, can be difficult to impossible in environments where natural burning is common and bone does not preserve well. In such settings, charcoal ages cannot always be trusted and collagen is unavailable. Calcined bone can be a viable alternative medium in these situations but it has rarely been exploited in the Americas. One area that could benefit from its use is the forested Pacific Northwest. We compare calcined bone ages with charcoal and/or collagen dates from individual features or discrete cultural strata in 10 Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia sites dating between 9000 and 100 B.P. Resulting radiocarbon age estimates based on calcined bone closely match those based on charcoal and/or collagen in nearly all cases. We obtained calcined bone dates from three additional Holocene-aged sites that had not previously produced accurate results, obtaining findings consistent with estimates based on cross dating. Preserving well where all other organic media of cultural origin are lost or unreliable, calcined bone holds promise for dating sites in conifer forests and other acidic soil settings, and can allow researchers to refine archaeological sequences that have long defied accurate chronometric analysis.

Este, Padova, Italy: Dating the Iron Age Waterfront

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 655-665
Author(s):  
John Meadows ◽  
Nicoletta Martinelli ◽  
Marie-Josée Nadeau ◽  
Elodia Bianchin Citton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Term Fluctuation

Two floating tree-ring chronologies were developed from oak timbers recovered during salvage excavations of a pre-Roman wharf in Este, a prominent center of the Veneti people, who lived in northeastern Italy during the Iron Age. Wiggle-match radiocarbon dating shows that one chronology spans the 10th and 9th centuries cal BC, and that the waterfront was probably built ∼800 cal BC. The second chronology apparently spans most of the 7th century cal BC, and is associated with a phase of construction about 2 centuries after the first. One of the samples gave what appeared to be anomalous14C results that may best be explained as evidence of a short-term fluctuation in atmospheric14C level, which can be seen in short-lived samples but is not apparent in the decadal or bidecadal calibration data. Both chronologies cover periods for which there are no other tree-ring chronologies in this region, and could become key to refining the local Iron Age chronology.

scholarly journals Upper Holocene development of vegetation and radiocarbon dating in the vicinity of the Cerhovka Brook (Bohemian-Moravian Uplands, Czech Republic)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Břízová ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Natalia Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Lime Tree ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Pollen Analyses

Abstract The paper reports the results of a palynological study of a newly exposed section in the peat sediments of Bezděkov site and its correlation with the previous palaeobotanical studies. The main goal was to elucidate the stratigraphic position and paleogeographic development of fossil peat bog and its environment in the Protected Landscape Area Žďárské vrchy and Železné hory in the Bohemian-Moravian Uplands. The development of peatbog vegetation, as shown by the pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, took place in the Holocene. Pollen analyses provide evidence for occurrences of wetland assemblages with huge representation of alder wood in all the part of succession, followed by willow near the Cerhovka Brook. Alnus and Abies were the dominant trees during all the time. The deciduous forests consist of elm (Ulmus), oak (Quercus), lime tree (Tilia), maple (Acer) and hazel (Corylus). The mosaic picture of woodland and wetland, which covered this landscape during the Upper Holocene, contrasts with the present day monotonous open lowland. Sediments of the peat bog provide information on the origin and vegetation evolution of this area.

Absolute radiocarbon dating by low-altitude European tree-ring calibration

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 272 (5654) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. SUESS
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Low Altitude
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