Dances in the park: The pre-history of the Maynardville Open Air Theatre

There is a popular belief that Cape Town’s Maynardville Theatre was founded in 1955, and first used in 1956, as the brainchild of the two professional actresses Cecilia Sonnenberg and René Ahrenson. While this is true of the Shakespeare-in-the-Park productions over the years, the use of Maynardville as a performance venue dates back to 1950 and the efforts of Margaret Molteno, the Athlone Committee for Nursery School Education and the University of Cape Town Ballet Company. This article traces the evolution of the popular theatre venue from the first production of a triple bill (comprising Les Sylphides, St Valentine’s Night and Les Diversions) in a makeshift theatre in the Maynardville Park grounds in 1950, to the introduction of Shakespeare in 1956, and ultimately the outdoor theatre of today with its annual Shakespeare and ballet productions. The Shakespearean history is already well-documented, so this article focuses more specifically on the somewhat forgotten role played by ballet productions in that history. The article includes a short history of the original property and the creation of the public park, as well as a full list of the ballets and plays performed at Maynardville since 1950.

Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey

APOGEE is a high-resolution (R ∼ 22,000), near-infrared, multi-epoch, spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way. The second generation of the APOGEE project, APOGEE-2, includes an expansion of the survey to the Southern Hemisphere called APOGEE-2S. This expansion enabled APOGEE to perform a fully panoramic mapping of all of the main regions of the Milky Way; in particular, by operating in the H band, APOGEE is uniquely able to probe the dust-hidden inner regions of the Milky Way that are best accessed from the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper we present the targeting strategy of APOGEE-2S, with special attention to documenting modifications to the original, previously published plan. The motivation for these changes is explained as well as an assessment of their effectiveness in achieving their intended scientific objective. In anticipation of this being the last paper detailing APOGEE targeting, we present an accounting of all such information complete through the end of the APOGEE-2S project; this includes several main survey programs dedicated to exploration of major stellar populations and regions of the Milky Way, as well as a full list of programs contributing to the APOGEE database through allocations of observing time by the Chilean National Time Allocation Committee and the Carnegie Institution for Science. This work was presented along with a companion article, Beaton et al. (2021), presenting the final target selection strategy adopted for APOGEE-2 in the Northern Hemisphere.

Erratum

Jerome, L., Liddle, A., & Young, H. (2021). Talking about rights without talking about rights: on the absence of knowledge in classroom discussions. Human Rights Education Review, 4(1), 8–26. https://doi.org/10.7577/hrer.3979 This article incorrectly included 'equality' in the Department for Education (DfE) list of fundamental British values to be promoted in English schools. The full list is: 'democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, mutual respect for and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs, and for those without faith'.

J. Baudouin de Courtenay, A. Schleicher and “Beiträge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arischen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen”

The article is devoted to two outstanding linguists - Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (13.03.1845-3.11.1929) and A. Schleicher (19.02.1821-6.12.1868) - and their cooperative work in Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arischen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen, the journal established by A. Schleicher and A. Kuhn. The article contains some understudied facts about the relations between the two great scientists and a description of the scientific paradigm in which their interaction developed. This article provides a full list of Baudouins works published in the Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arischen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen journal and the articles by Schleicher published in its first volume. It also gives the names of scientists who supported the journal and influenced academic development of both linguists. Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arishen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen, one of the most authoritative bodies of Indo-European studies of the XIX century, has become a recognized tribune of world-class researchers in the field of comparative historical linguistics since its foundation in 1858. In addition to A. Kuhn, A. Schleicher and his students (A. Leskin and J. Schmidt), such outstanding linguists as T. Aufrecht, A.F. Weber, F. Miklosich, M. Mller, A.F. Pott, H. Steinthal, W.D. Whitney, H.W. Ebel and many others published their scientific works there. J. Baudouin de Courtenays collaboration with this scientific publication was fruitful for his development as a scientist and allowed him to introduce his revolutionary views to the general linguistic community.

The great Empire’s malacologist: Alexander von Middendorff’s contribution to the study of molluscs

The contribution to malacology made by the eminent Russian scientist and traveler, Alexander Theodor von Middendorff (1815-1894) is reviewed. Middendorff’s research is rightly considered the highest achievement of Russian malacology in the 19th century. It is shown, despite the relatively short timespan of his malacological activity, Middendorff could reach substantial progress in the knowledge of the Russian malafauna, both marine, and continental, and authored more than 15 malacological publications, including a series of fundamental systematic works. Middendorff’s views on taxonomy, variability, and zoogeography of molluscs are discussed, and the research program in malacology, proposed by him, is reviewed as well as the impact of his studies on the further development of malacology in the Russian Empire. The full list of all molluscan taxa described by Middendorff is provided as an “Appendix” to the article.

Studies of the diversity of genus Pertusaria s.l. (lichenized ascomycetes) on Hokkaido

The study of biodiversity of lichens in Hokkaido, Japan, revealed seven species of genus Pertusaria s. l., sixof which are new to the island or whole Japan. The full list of species of Pertusaria s. str. and Lepra known from Hokkaidocomprises 18 species.

Is there a window of opportunity for flexibility development in youth? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Review question / Objective: To examine if there is a difference in the effect of stretching training on flexibility during childhood (6-11 years of age) and adolescence (12-18 years of age). Condition being studied: We are going to examine whether there is a greater response to stretching training (i.e. ‘window of opportunity’) during childhood, compared with adolescence. Information sources: Two review team members will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the retrieved publications to select the eligible publications. One review team member will act as a referee in case of disagreement between the review team members. We will also ensure that any retracted publications are identified and excluded from the selection outcome. Furthermore, we will locate the full texts that will not be immediately accessible, via emails to the lead authors and/journals of publication. A full list of the excluded publications will be provided in the final version of the systematic review.

Neutralization of VOCs including Delta one year post COVID-19 or vaccine

Background: SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, are raising concern about the efficiency of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) induced by wild-type infection or vaccines based on the wild-type spike. Methods: We determined IgG and NAb against SARS-CoV-2 variants one year following mild wild-type infection (n=104) and two-dose regimens with BNT162b2 (BNT/BNT) (n=67), ChAdOx1 (ChAd/ChAd) (n=82), or heterologous ChAdOx1 followed by BNT162b2 (ChAd/BNT) (n=116). Findings: Wild type spike IgG and NAb remained detectable in 80% (83/104) of unvaccinated participants one year post mild infection. The neutralizing capacity was similar against wild type (reference), Alpha (0.95 (0.92-0.98) and Delta 1.03 (0.95-1.11) but significantly reduced against Beta (0.54 (0.48-0.60)) and Gamma 0.51 (0.44-0.61). Similarly, BNT/BNT and ChAd/ChAd elicited sustained capacity against Alpha and Delta (1.01 (0.78-1.31) and 1.03 (0.95-1.11)) and (0.96 (0.84-1.09) and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) respectively), with reduced capacity against Beta (0.67 (0.50-0.88) and 0.53 (0.40-0.71)) and Gamma (0.12 (0.06-0.27) and 0.54 (0.37-0.80)). A similar trend was found following ChAd/BNT (0.74 (0.66-0.83) and 0.70 (0.50-0.97) against Alpha and Delta and 0.29 (0.20-0.42) and 0.13 (0.08-0.20) against Beta and Gamma). Interpretation: Persistent neutralization of the wide-spread Alpha and Delta variants one year after wild-type infection may aid vaccine policy makers in low-resource settings when prioritizing vaccine supply. The reduced capacity of neutralizing Beta and Gamma strains, but not the Alpha and Delta strains following both infection and three different vaccine regimens argues for caution against Beta and Gamma-exclusive mutations in the efforts to optimize next generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Funding: A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section

THE GIST OF THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

In this article there is for the first time offered a theoretical justification for understanding the purpose (goals), tasks and functions of the World Customs Organization as interrelated categories. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the explanation of the essence of any international organization should begin with a description of its purpose (goals), objectives and functions. The position of the authors was formed taking into account the results of the generalization of doctrinal approaches of scientists to understand the essence of the World Customs Organization. Particular attention was paid to the characteristics of the provisions of the Convention establishing the Customs Cooperation Council of December 15, 1950, which is a constituent act of the World Customs Organization, as well as other international conventions, resolutions, declarations and recommendations adopted by this organization. It is emphasized that in contrast to the list of functions of the organization were specified in Art. III of the Convention establishing the Customs Cooperation Council of December 15, 1950, in its text there is no clear and unambiguous statement of the purpose (goals) and objectives of WCO. As a result of the study, the authors note that the purpose of WCO determines the desired result, the achievement of which should be aimed at the activities of the organization and is to promote cooperation between the governments of its members. And the achievement of this goal necessitates the solution of common tasks for WCO members, which specify the purpose of the organization. It was also investigated that the WCO objectives provided for in the Preamble to the Convention on the Establishment of Customs Cooperation Council do not exhaust their full list, the gradual expansion of which takes place through the adoption of legal acts by the WCO Council. It is also determined that objectives of WCO are subordinated to the functions of WCO.

Preservation after Exhibition: A Qualitative Study of TIFF’s Film Exhibition Documentation

This thesis argues for the importance of preserving film object exhibition documentation for the benefit of future research, using TIFF’s exhibition program as the dominant case study. Academic writing on film exhibition is discussed through works that focus on the physical film object/screening, the film exhibition institution, and the film object beyond celluloid. The thesis analyzes what constitutes strong documentation, using examples from professionals and other film exhibition institutions. TIFF’s film exhibition department history is listed as a form of preserving the full list of exhibitions that were housed at TIFF. The material preserved by TIFF regarding their exhibition history has been quite limited. The exhibition files are included and then analyzed to determine what is missing that may limit future study. Successes in preservation are also addressed. Lastly, potential steps to address gaps in documentation are detailed.