A 7,290-Year-Old Bottle Gourd from the Windover Site, Florida

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen H. Doran ◽  
David N. Dickel ◽  
Lee A. Newsom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Florida

A bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) recovered from a burial context at the Windover site (8 BR246) in east-central Florida has been dated directly to 7,290 ± 120 radiocarbon years B.P. This provides the earliest documentation of bottle gourds north of Mexico and demonstrates approximate contemporaneity with other eastern United States Cucurbitacae. Investigations of wet sites such as Windover, while requiring substantially greater consideration of conservation than in typical dry sites, greatly expands the recovery of organic materials enabling broader insights to prehistoric processes.

BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PEST MANAGEMENT

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
Peter G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
East Central ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Beaver Dams ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA 5-year study of the black flies of east-central Saskatchewan revealed 21 species, including Simulium incognitum sp.nov. Chromosomal and ecological evidence for reproductive isolation is presented for this new species, formerly known as S. venustum Say CC4, and S. venustum Say CC. All 21 species in the study are associated with productive streams and rivers. As many as nine of these species might comprise the pest assemblage harassing livestock. The major pest, S. luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, is cytologically distinct from populations in the eastern United States on the basis of a two-step, Y-linked inversion in the IIS chromosomal arm. Simulium luggeri is the only livestock pest that breeds almost solely in large streams and rivers. The other eight probable pests breed entirely or partly in streams less than 10 m wide, often below beaver dams, suggesting that management efforts should specifically target these sites.

Corn and Cucurbits from Wetherill Mesa

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh C. Cutler ◽  
Winton Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractMost corn from the Mesa Verde area belongs to a complex derived from hybridization of a small-cobbed flint-pop corn with an 8-rowed flour corn. This cross produced 12- to 14-rowed flint and flour corn (the typical Basketmaker corn) and the variable Pima-Papago corn. After Pueblo I, probably late Pueblo II, there was an increase in the number of 8-rowed cobs and a decrease in 12- to 14-rowed cobs. The corn is similar to collections from sites of comparable age excavated in northern Arizona near Navajo Mountain. The uniformity and the slow development of corn types probably reflect peripheral conditions, especially adaptation to short growing seasons and limited cultural interchange.Practically all of the squash was Cucurbita pepo, the species which spread over all agricultural areas of the United States. There were a few specimens of Cucurbita mixta and of the bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria. Some rinds of the two species of Cucurbita gave evidence of their use for scrapers and containers, uses to which the bottle gourd is put almost exclusively in sites to the south. The rarity of the bottle gourd and the absence of seeds and plant parts of cotton suggest that these plants were rarely, if ever, grown in the region.

Wild and Cultivated Potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Escaped and Persistent Outside of its Natural Range

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Simon ◽  
Conghua H. Xie ◽  
Andrea Clausen ◽  
Shelley H. Jansky ◽  
Dennis Halterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
East Central ◽  
Solanum Sect ◽  
Natural Range

AbstractWild potato contains about 100 species that are native to the Americas from the southwestern United States to central Chile and adjacent Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. We report the occurrence of naturalized populations of the wild potato Solanum chacoense in seven sites in southern Australia, eastern China, England, New Zealand, the eastern United States, central Peru, and east-central Argentina. Modeling similar climatic niches on the basis of the distribution of S. chacoense from South America shows that observations of naturalized S. chacoense overlap with predicted areas. A literature review reveals that although S. chacoense possesses traits typical of an invasive species, all populations presently appear to be contained near their site of introduction.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistant Rootstocks that Impart Tolerance to Grafted Susceptible Watermelon Scion Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Mihir Mandal ◽  
Richard Hassell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
True Leaf

Powdery mildew (PM) is a major foliar disease causing serious economic losses of cucurbit crops grown in the United States. The pathogen Podosphaera xanthii, which causes PM, is known to infect seedlings, stems, foliage, petioles, and fruit of cucurbit crops. In recent years, grafting watermelon on resistant rootstocks for managing soilborne diseases has been gaining popularity in the U.S.A. However, grafting for managing foliar diseases has not yet received adequate attention. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted during the summer months of 2012, 2013, and 2014 to determine if PM-resistant rootstocks could impart resistance to a susceptible watermelon scion. Susceptible watermelon scion ‘Mickey Lee’ seedlings were grafted onto 25 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, C. amarus, C. mucosospermus) and four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks. Grafted plants were inoculated with a 2 × 104 conidia ml−1 suspension of P. xanthii conidia and disease severity was rated 14 days after inoculation. Mickey Lee grafted on six PM-resistant watermelon rootstocks had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower PM severity on cotyledons, 2nd true leaf, and upper leaves (rating for 3rd to 7th or 8th true leaf) compared with Mickey Lee grafted on susceptible watermelon USVL677-PMS or bottle gourd USVL848-PMS rootstocks. However, some of the resistant watermelon rootstocks did not impart significant resistance to the scion. The resistant bottle gourd rootstocks USVL482-PMR and USVL351-PMR provided significantly greater levels of resistance, compared with many of the resistant watermelon rootstocks. Grafting watermelon on resistant rootstocks may help mitigate the effects of PM on susceptible scion seedlings.

scholarly journals Convective Episodes in the East-Central United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
pp. 3707-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Parker ◽  
David A. Ahijevych
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
East Central ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Central United States

Abstract Nine years of composited radar data are investigated to assess the presence of organized convective episodes in the east-central United States. In the eastern United States, the afternoon maximum in thunderstorms is ubiquitous over land. However, after removing this principal diurnal peak from the radar data, the presence and motion of organized convective systems becomes apparent in both temporally averaged fields and in the statistics of convective episodes identified by an objective algorithm. Convective echoes are diurnally maximized over the Appalachian chain, and are repeatedly observed to move toward the east. Partly as a result of this, the daily maximum in storms is delayed over the Piedmont and coastal plain relative to the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coast. During the 9 yr studied, the objective algorithm identified 2128 total convective episodes (236 yr−1), with several recurring behaviors. Many systems developed over the elevated terrain during the afternoon and moved eastward, often to the coastline and even offshore. In addition, numerous systems formed to the west of the Appalachian Mountains and moved into and across the eastern U.S. study domain. In particular, many nocturnal convective systems from the central United States entered the western side of the study domain, frequently arriving at the eastern mountains around the next day’s afternoon maximum in storm frequency. A fraction of such well-timed systems succeeded in crossing the Appalachians and continuing across the Piedmont and coastal plain. Convective episodes were most frequent during the high-instability, low-shear months of summer, which dominate the year-round statistics. Even so, an important result is that the episodes still occurred almost exclusively in above-average vertical wind shear. Despite the overall dominance of the diurnal cycle, the data show that adequate shear in the region frequently leads to long-lived convective episodes with mesoscale organization.

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