Drug Resistance in Eimeria tenella: XI. Comparative Response to Amprolium of Five Isolants Derived from a Resistant Strain

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
D. K. McLoughlin ◽  
M. B. Chute
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Comparative Response

The development of resistance to glycarbylamide and 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide in Eimeria tenella in chicks

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Normal Parent ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

A twofold increase in resistance to glycarbylamide was induced in a strain of Eimeria tenella in chicks. This strain remained susceptible to amprolium, nicarbazin, nitrofurazone, zoalene, 3,5-dinitrobenzamide, 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide (M & B 5921) and spiramycin.At least an eightfold resistance to 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide (M & B 5921) was developed in another strain of E. tenella. This strain was also resistant to nitrofurazone, zoalene and 3,5-dinitrobenzamide, but not to glycarbylamide, amprolium, nicarbazin and spiramycin.A single test showed no transfer of drug-resistance when the two resistant strains were given simultaneously to the same birds.When a small number of parasites of a glycarbylamide-resistant strain of E. tenella was introduced into a larger inoculum of the normal parent strain, the resistant individuals appeared to diminish in number during passages through untreated chicks.I wish to thank Mrs B. M. Mitchell, Miss C. A. Hitchcock and Miss J. Watkins for technical assistance at various stages of the work.

scholarly journals Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ening Wiedosari ◽  
April Hari Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Anticoccidial Activity ◽  
Continuous Use

<p>The continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P&lt;0.05). Even though body weight and Hb value were not indifferent significantly different (p&gt;0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P&lt;0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens.</p>

scholarly journals UDP-Glycosyltransferases and Albendazole Metabolism in the Juvenile Stages of Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlína Kellerová ◽  
Martina Navrátilová ◽  
Linh Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Diana Dimunová ◽  
Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Enhanced Solubility ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Resistant Strains

The nematode Haemonchus contortus, a gastrointestinal parasite of ruminants, can severely burden livestock production. Although anthelmintics are the mainstay in the treatment of haemonchosis, their efficacy diminishes due to drug-resistance development in H. contortus. An increased anthelmintics inactivation via biotransformation belongs to a significant drug-resistance mechanism in H. contortus. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) participate in the metabolic inactivation of anthelmintics and other xenobiotic substrates through their conjugation with activated sugar, which drives the elimination of the xenobiotics due to enhanced solubility. The UGTs family, in terms of the biotransformation of commonly used anthelmintics, has been well described in adults as a target stage. In contrast, the free-living juvenile stages of H. contortus have attracted less attention. The expression of UGTs considerably varies throughout the life cycle of the juvenile nematodes, suggesting their different roles. Furthermore, the constitutive expression in a susceptible strain with two resistant strains shows several resistance-related changes in UGTs expression, and the exposure of juvenile stages of H. contortus to albendazole (ABZ) and ABZ-sulfoxide (ABZSO; in sublethal concentrations) leads to the increased expression of several UGTs. The anthelmintic drug ABZ and its primary metabolite ABZSO biotransformation, tested in the juvenile stages, shows significant differences between susceptible and resistant strain. Moreover, higher amounts of glycosidated metabolites of ABZ are formed in the resistant strain. Our results show similarly, as in adults, the UGTs and glycosidations significant for resistance-related differences in ABZ biotransformation and warrant further investigation in their individual functions.

Eimeria tenella in chickens: development of resistance to quinolone anticoccidial drugs

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Development Of Resistance

The development of drug resistance by the present Houghton strain of Eimeria tenella to the quinolones, methyl benzoquate and buquinolate, was found to take place after a single experimental passage. The development of resistance was independent of drug selection pressure and showed cross resistance to other quinolones, but not to amprolium and robenidine. When the Weybridge, Beltsville and Elberfeld strains of E. tenella were compared under similar laboratory conditions, the Weybridge and Elberfeld strains developed resistance to methyl benzoquate after 6 passages and the Beltsville after 5. Studies on the response of the Houghton strain to methyl benzoquate and buquinolate revealed that the drugs did not completely control the infection as measured by weight gain and that oocyst production was not suppressed. These observations indicate that the strain had already acquired some resistance to these drugs. This was confirmed by examining the resistance to methyl benzoquate of a culture of the Houghton strain of E. tenella which had been stored frozen in liquid nitrogen since 1969. This showed full sensitivity to the drug and developed resistance after 8 passages. This suggests that drug tolerance has been acquired by the Houghton strain since 1969.Oocyst lines were established from the Houghton strain by infecting single birds with approximately 10 oocysts. Eleven of these lines were found to be sensitive to methyl benzoquate, and nine to give rise to resistant parasites. It is concluded that the Houghton strain is contaminated by a small number of resistant oocysts which can be eliminated from a culture by dilution of the challenge inoculum. One of these Houghton oocyst lines, sensitive to methyl benzoquate, developed resistance after 8 serial passages.

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