THE USE OF THE 'JERICHO TYRUS' IN THERIAC: A CASE STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF THE EXCHANGES OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE REALM OF ISLAM IN THE MIDDLE AGES

Medium Ævum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Segregation or Choice?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter assesses the argument that both their exclusion from craft and merchant guilds and usury bans on Christians segregated European Jews into moneylending during the Middle Ages. Already during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, moneylending was the occupation par excellence of the Jews in England, France, and Germany and one of the main professions of the Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and other locations in western Europe. Based on the historical information and the economic theory presented in earlier chapters, the chapter advances an alternative explanation that is consistent with the salient features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily entered and later specialized in moneylending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets—capital, networking, literacy and numeracy, and contract-enforcement institutions.

scholarly journals Europe as the "other" of Russian historiosophical consciousness: from the middle ages to modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
D. V. Semikopov ◽  
A. A. Zakhriapin
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
National Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Introduction. The paper reviews the phenomenon of perception of Western Europe as the "other" in Russian intellectual tradition. The purpose of this survey is to analyze and identify the features of Russian historiosophical consciousness in the transition of Russian civilization from the middle ages to modernity in the context of the idea of perceiving Europe as the "other".Materials and Methods. The main material of the paper is a monograph by Nizhny Novgorod researches «The problem of correlation of panhuman and national in the history of Russian thought». In addition, the material of the research is the works and articles by Russians and foreign authors focus on the subject under consideration. The article used the following methods: historical-philosophical analysis, interpretation, comparison and generalization.Results. In the medieval period the main consolidating power of society was religion, which identified the «other» as the Catholic of Western Europe. During the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, the «other» is still the same West, but the revolutionary West with its slogan «Liberty, equality, fraternity». The minister of national education – the earl S.S. Uvarov, in turn, proposed the following triad – «Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality». Formation of the Russian nationality was under intense pressure from the West (the «other» of Russian civilization) during this period. The split of the Russian Orthodox Church (Raskol) in XVII century led to destruction of the Orthodox unity. The Orthodoxy was the source of sacralisation of monarchial power. However, the autocracy, having dealt a blow tothe Orthodoxy, set a course for the Western absolutism. Certain social circles, keeping up old traditions of the Orthodoxy, perceived the political authority as the «other». This led not only to the religion split (Orthodoxy), but also to the split in nationality. A pro-Western elite is being formed and, having lost its connection with Orthodoxy and traditional folk culture, it finds itself in the desert of its own historical identity. As a result, historiosophical projects, created by government and intelligentsia, caused an additional split, being unable to restore the lost unity.Discussion and Conclusions. The authors of the research managed to make systematic and detailed historical-philosophical analysis of sources and literature on this topic. The paper presents the main concepts that explain the phenomenon of Russian national identity. This makes it possible to consider and evaluate the key ideas of Russian thinkers. As a result, the authors of the research managed to make comprehensive and systematic historical-philosophical analysis of the development of the idea of Russian national identity through the prism of the concept of perception of Western Europe as the «other» of Russia.

scholarly journals THE LION IN MEDIEVAL WESTERN EUROPE: TOWARD AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY

Traditio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
NIGEL HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Creative Tension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Middle Ages

Several scholars have studied meanings attributed to the lion in the western European Middle Ages, but their accounts have tended to be partial and fragmentary. A balanced, coherent interpretive history of the medieval lion has yet to be written. This article seeks to promote and initiate the process of composing such a history by briefly reviewing previous research, by proposing a thematic and chronological framework on which work on the lion might reliably be based, and by itself discussing numerous textual examples, not least from German, Latin, and French literature. The five categories of lion symbolism covered are, respectively, the threatening lion, the Christian lion, the noble lion, the sinful lion, and the clement lion. These meanings are shown successively to have constituted regnant fashions that at various times profoundly shaped people's understanding of the lion; but it is demonstrated also that they existed alongside, and in a state of creative tension with, a “ground bass” of lion meanings that changed relatively little. Lions nearly always, for example, represented important, imposing things and people (for example, kings); and the New Testament's polarized presentation of the lion as either Christ or the devil proved enormously influential both throughout and beyond the Middle Ages. As such any cultural history of the lion — and indeed of many other natural phenomena — must be continually sensitive to the co-existence and interaction of tradition and innovation, stability and dynamism.

Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFRAIM LEV
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cairo Genizah ◽  
The Middle Ages

The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance and the potential of research into the medical aspects of the Genizah documents, mainly prescriptions, Goitein wrote in 1971 that “these prescriptions have to be examined by experts in the history of medicine”.

“What England Has Done for a Thousand Years”

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-223
Author(s):  
Jacob Sagrans
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Musical Performance ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
King's College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Musical Styles

This chapter uses medievalism as a critical framework for examining the modern appeal of Christmas Lessons and Carols services. Although the first such service took place in 1880, it has been suggested that it is a form of worship that dates back to the Middle Ages. First, the history of Lessons and Carols services is traced. Then, the service at King’s College, Cambridge, is examined in depth as a case study. It is argued that Lessons and Carols services engage with medievalism in three main ways: (1) they evoke a sense of long-standing traditions and identities, particularly with regard to nationality, religion, gender, and race; (2) they feature seemingly “authentic” modes of musical performance; and (3) they present contemporary carols that set medieval texts and evoke medieval musical styles.

“Go Little Book”

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Marilynn Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Book Of Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
Nonhuman Agency ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract Among the twelve modes he describes in An Inquiry into Modes of Existence, Bruno Latour identifies two—the “beings of technology” [TEC] and the “beings of fiction” [FIC]—that aptly depict the nonhuman agency inherent in the production and circulation of the premodern book. This essay offers a survey of the pan-European textual traditions on the matter of Troy as a case study in the history of the book, with the manuscript codex conceived as a crossing between [TEC] and [FIC]. I show that the affordances and ecologies of the codex as a “being of technology” lent it a vitality that allowed the fictional beings of Troy to proliferate in the Middle Ages. I conclude with an examination of the medieval topos of the “book of nature,” which offers a compelling example of the spirituality of technology.

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Gregorovius ◽  
Annie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages
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