Spatial Distribution of Chironomid Larvae (Diptera) on Leaves of the Bulrush in a Chalk Stream

10.2307/4563 ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Drake



1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Wei-Dong Gu ◽  
Richard J. Lobinske


Author(s):  
Lyubov Kravtsova

<strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRoman,Bold;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRoman,Bold;"><p align="left">Abstract</p></span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><p align="left">The spatial distribution of chironomid</p><p align="left">communities in the littoral zone (0-20 m) of the</p><p align="left">western coast of the southern Baikal basin is</p><p align="left">investigated. The fauna is composed of 16 species</p><p align="left">and forms of chironomid larvae, comprising 10</p><p align="left">communities. It has been found that the</p><p align="left">communities are characterized by rather poor</p><p align="left">species diversity; Shannon’s index varies from</p><p align="left">0.7 to 2.1 bit. Their distribution is affected by</p><p align="left">hydro-lithodynamic conditions, type of bottom</p><p align="left">sediments and macrophyte development. The</p><p align="left">peak of maximal biomass of chironomid larvae</p><p align="left">on the facies of non-rounded rock debris near</p><p>Berezovy Cape is recorded in spring.</p></span></span>



Author(s):  
Prajapat Gyata ◽  
Rawal Deepak

Present study was performed for taxonomic identification, assemblage, richness, spatial distribution and abundance analysis of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic shoreline habitat of Rajsamand Lake, India. Chironomids play an important role in shallow water aquatic ecosystems, so this study will give an idea about ecology of this area. Topographical and environmental factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities. No information is available regarding these organisms in this defined area, so this study would provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other ar ea, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. This study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Rajsamand Lake, India. Specimens were collected at seven sampling sites along shoreline of the Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Cryptochironomus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were reported. Polypedilum was the most dominant genus reported followed by Chironomus, Einfeldia and Cryptochironomus. Genus Cryptochironomus was reported for the first time in Rajasthan.









1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. M. Ketelaars ◽  
A. M. J. P. Kuijpers ◽  
L. W. C. A. Breemen


Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.



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