Experimental Studies of Water Purification: IV. Observations on the Effects of Certain Modifications in Coagulation Sedimentation on the Bacterial Efficiency of Preliminary Water Treatment in Connection with Rapid Sand Filtration: B. Observed Effect of Certain Modifications in the Conditions of Coagulation

1930 ◽  
Vol 45 (28) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
H. W. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

scholarly journals National survey of utilization of continuous water quality monitors in water supply systems in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kosaka ◽  
Y. Koike ◽  
Y. Miyabayashi ◽  
K. Saito ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

Abstract An investigation of the utilization of water quality monitors at water purification plants throughout Japan was conducted via questionnaire from August to October 2015. The number of types of monitors installed at more than one water purification plant was 34. Chlorine, high sensitivity turbidity, pH, and turbidity monitors were (highly) recommended for installation in four water purification processes (rapid sand filtration, chlorination only, slow sand filtration and membrane treatment), except for high sensitivity turbidity of chlorination only. The number of installations of the monitors recommended and their installation points were dependent upon the processes. Highly recommended points of turbidity were raw water and sedimentation points, which were set for (critical) control points in water safety plans. That of high sensitivity turbidity was the rapid sand filtration point for confirmation of Cryptosporidium control. Chlorine monitors were applied for automatic control, regardless of the water purification processes. Some interesting monitors, such as those for musty odor compounds and trihalomethane, were newly developed and utilized. The results of this study showed that water quality monitors were important for water quality management systems based on water safety plans in Japan.

Algae as surrogate indices for the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts by direct filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akiba ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
H.-S. Kim ◽  
H. Kitazawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Selenastrum Capricornutum ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

To evaluate the appropriateness of using algae as surrogate indices for the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in conventional water treatment by rapid sand filtration, investigations on algal removal at eight water treatment plants and laboratory experiments using three species of algae and C. parvum oocysts were conducted. From the 5 years data collected from eight water treatment plants, the algal removal showed 0.63 - 1.83 log in coagulation and 1.66 - 4.17 log in sand filtration including coagulation. In jar tests, zeta potentials of flocs at an ALT ratio of 0.05 were -8.5 mV, -8.5 mV, -7.0 mV and -10.5 mV, and the removal rates at pH 7 were 2.05 log, 1.15 log, 1.51 log and 1.49-log for Microcystis viridis, Microcystis aeruginosa, Selenastrum capricornutum and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. In direct filtration tests, the removal rates of algae and C. parvum oocysts, except for M. aeruginosa, were around 3-log during the filtration time of 15-45 minutes when the best removal occurred. S. capricornutum, out of the three species of algae, showed almost the same coagulation characteristics as C. parvum oocysts and also behaved in a filtration pattern similar to C. parvum. From these results, algae were considered useful surrogate indices for the removal of C. parvum oocysts, and S. capricornutum was thought to be an appropriate one in rapid sand filtration.

scholarly journals Rapid Lava Sand Filtration for Decentralized Produced Water Treatment System in Old Oil Well Wonocolo

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ekha Yogafanny
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration

The Cepu Block Oil Field has been traditionally extracted since 2008 by the local community in Wonocolo. The oil well-produced gas and fluids consisted of crude oil and produced water. This oil production activity discharges high amounts of produced water. The fluids have been settled down in the sedimentation tank to gain the crude oil optimally. The remaining fluid called produced water has been discharged to the surface towards the river without any further treatment.  This activity led to the deterioration of environmental quality. This study aimed to analyze the performance of produced water treatment by rapid sand filtration by measuring the degree of turbidity removal under the specific condition on a laboratory scale using lava sand. The sedimentation was conducted in 3 hours of retention time following the real field condition of the oil production process by community in one sample well. The rapid sand filtration was conducted by a fixed bed column method with 0.2 cm of grain size. The sedimentation process followed by the rapid sand filtration in produced water treatment yielded the high efficiency of turbidity removal reaching 98.65 %. The rapid sand filter also worked excellently in turbidity removal attaining 96.48 % of efficiency. These results confirmed that the sedimentation already done by the community followed by the rapid sand filtration is promising decentralized technology to be applied in a remote area such as Old Oil Wells Wonocolo regarding turbidity removal.

Modelling the removal of p-TSA (para-toluenesulfonamide) during rapid sand filtration used for drinking water treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Meffe ◽  
Claus Kohfahl ◽  
Ekkehard Holzbecher ◽  
Gudrun Massmann ◽  
Doreen Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration
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