York Minster's Nave: The Cologne Connection

1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Böker
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
English Court ◽  
Gothic Architecture ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cologne Cathedral

Within the stylistic development of English Gothic architecture of the late thirteenth century, the nave of York Minster stands quite apart for its clear continental orientation. Only the great western window and the high vault-both inserted after the structural completion of the nave-conform to the standards of the Decorated Style that dominated English ecclesiastical buildings around 1300. The architecture of the nave itself has generally been regarded as an offspring of the French Rayonnant Gothic, although no specific building could be positively identified as its source; comparisons have dealt exclusively with individual architectural features instead of the system as a whole. Cologne Cathedral, however, never hitherto considered a possible source of influence for York Minster's nave, resembles the English church more than any French cathedral and accordingly must be taken as its main and perhaps only source of inspiration. This German orientation of York, unusual as it is in the history of English architecture, has its parallel in some rather close historical connections between the English court and the German emperor and, notably, his archchancellors, the archbishops of Cologne.

The Coming of the Drawloom: A Chapter in the Technological Transmission between Iran and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Ishrat Alam
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
History Of Technology ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Simple Mechanism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Technological Transmission ◽  
Made In

In the history of technology, the loom has come to occupy an important place. While the horizontal handloom has a comparatively simple mechanism, this is not true of the vertical drawloom, which through centuries has developed complex forms. The question of the latter’s presence in India in early times has aroused some controversy. The case is made in this article that it arrived in the thirteenth century from Iran but failed to supplant the handloom in most areas of textile production, except for carpet weaving, mainly in Kashmir.

Some Thoughts About Genre in Old Javanese Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John Worsley
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poetic Work

Robson in 1983 and 1988 in his reconsideration of the poetics of kakawin epics and Javanese philology drew readers’ attention to the importance of genre for the history of ancient Javanese literature. Aoyama in his study of the kakawin Sutasoma in 1992, making judicious use of Hans Jauss’s concept of “horizon of expectation”, offered the first systematic discussion of the genre of Old Javanese literary works. The present essay offers a commentary on the terms which mpu Monaguna and mpu Prapañca, authors of the thirteenth century epic kakawin Sumanasāntaka and the fourteenth century Deśawarṇana, themselves, employ to refer to the generic characteristics of their poems. Mpu Monaguna referred to his epic poem as a narrative work (kathā), written in a prakṛt, Old Javanese, and rendered in the poetic form of a kakawin and finally as a ritual act intended to enable the poet to achieve apotheosis with his tutelary deity and his poem to be the means of transforming the world, in particular to ensure the wellbeing of the readers, listeners, copyists and those who possessed copies of his poetic work. Mpu Prapañca described his Deśawarṇana differently. Also written in Old Javanese and in the poetic form of a kakawin—he refers to his work variously as a narrative work (kathā), a chronicle (śakakāla or śakābda), a praise poem (kastawan) and also as a ritual act designed to enable the author in an ecstatic state of rapture (alangö), and filled with the power and omniscience of his tutelary deity, to ensure the continued prosperity of the realm of Majapahit and to secure the rule of his king Rājasanagara. The essay considers each of these literary categories.

Posthuman Prehistory

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Tim Ingold
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Human Becoming ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ramon Llull

Abstract This article asks what part prehistory could play in establishing a posthumanist settlement, alternative to the humanism of the Enlightenment. We begin by showing how Enlightenment thinking split the concept of the human in two, into species and condition, establishing a point of origin where the history of civilization rises from its baseline in evolution. Drawing on the thinking of the thirteenth-century mystic, Ramon Llull, we present an alternative vision of human becoming according to which life carries on through a process of continuous birth, wherein even death and burial hold the promise of renewal. In prehistory, this vision is exemplified in the work of André Leroi-Gourhan, in his exploration of the relation between voice and hand, and of graphism as a precursor to writing. We conclude that the idea of graphism holds the key to a prehistory that not so much precedes as subtends the historic.

Heroic Mother and Wise Wife

Inner Asia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-232
Author(s):  
Di Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secret History

Abstract Thirteenth-century sources provide us with striking images of Mongol noblewomen, which are not eclipsed by the heroic conquests and military exploits of their men. While recognising the complexity of gender roles in pre-imperial Mongol society, this article aims to explore the specific responsivities carried by Hö’elün and Börte in the narrative of The Secret History of the Mongols. The selective presentation of their characters and duties further reveals the goal of the Secret Historian to create a ruling model, which includes a brave widowed mother and an intelligent wife for the Qan of the empire.

XXIII. Dissertation on the Lives and Works of several Anglo-Norman Poets of the Thirteenth Century. In a Letter from Mons. De La Rue to John Henniker Major, Esq. M.P. F.R.S. and F.A.S. Translated from the French

Archaeologia ◽  
1800 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
De La Rue
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
History Of

I have in several dissertations already treated of some of the Anglo-Norman Trouveres of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. As a pursuit of this kind must of necessity throw great light on the literary history of England in an age of such obscurity, I am convinced that my researches of this nature must be exceedingly welcome to you; and it is with the greatest pleasure that I take the present moment to communicate to you this part of my labours on the poets of the thirteenth century.

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