High Risk, High Reward

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-120
Keyword(s):  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leith Merrow Mullaly ◽  
Lucille Belgrave ◽  
Margaret Wentzel

Physics World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 9i-9i
Author(s):  
Ian Randall
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelleke C. van Wouwe ◽  
Kristen E. Kanoff ◽  
Daniel O. Claassen ◽  
K. Richard Ridderinkhof ◽  
Peter Hedera ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectives: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that produces a bias toward risky, reward-driven decisions in situations where the outcomes of decisions are uncertain and must be discovered. However, it is unclear whether HD patients show similar biases in decision-making when learning demands are minimized and prospective risks and outcomes are known explicitly. We investigated how risk decision-making strategies and adjustments are altered in HD patients when reward contingencies are explicit. Methods: HD (N=18) and healthy control (HC; N=17) participants completed a risk-taking task in which they made a series of independent choices between a low-risk/low reward and high-risk/high reward risk options. Results: Computational modeling showed that compared to HC, who showed a clear preference for low-risk compared to high-risk decisions, the HD group valued high-risks more than low-risk decisions, especially when high-risks were rewarded. The strategy analysis indicated that when high-risk options were rewarded, HC adopted a conservative risk strategy on the next trial by preferring the low-risk option (i.e., they counted their blessings and then played the surer bet). In contrast, following a rewarded high-risk choice, HD patients showed a clear preference for repeating the high-risk choice. Conclusions: These results indicate a pattern of high-risk/high-reward decision bias in HD that persists when outcomes and risks are certain. The allure of high-risk/high-reward decisions in situations of risk certainty and uncertainty expands our insight into the dynamic decision-making deficits that create considerable clinical burden in HD. (JINS, 2016, 22, 426–435)


Author(s):  
Antulio J. Echevarria

Annihilation and dislocation represent the “ideal outcome” in military strategy: a swift victory with as few casualties and economic costs as possible. Annihilation seeks to reduce an adversary’s physical capacity to fight, usually in a single battle or “lightning” campaign, such as Hannibal’s victory against the Romans in Cannae (216 BCE). Dislocation endeavors to reduce an opponent’s willingness to fight by causing confusion or disorientation through unexpected maneuvers or the use of surprise, such as Hitler’s blitzkrieg conquests in the Second World War. Annihilation and dislocation strategies can be considered high risk, high reward. They both require military forces trained well enough, and led effectively enough, to execute complex maneuvers.


2021 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Sigal Goland Barsade

This chapter allows for a reflection on the many lessons learned as an organizational behavior scholar. On the topic of doing rigorous, reliable, and relevant research, the focus is on the importance of organizational life eliciting interesting and relevant research ideas, the upside and downside of “high risk/high reward” research, how to “go big” theoretically, how to “go big” in methods, and the importance of realism and specific lessons learned in conducting both lab and field studies. Other topics such as learnings about working most effectively with coauthors, including addressing authorship issues candidly and upfront are addressed as well. Importantly addressing how having a full and balanced life is not only helpful in its own right but is helpful to one’s career is discussed. Last, just as importantly are the things to learn not to do, such as not holding on too long to projects that are not salvageable, not being a disagreeable reviewer, not looking to saying no to new opportunities. Indeed learning to try to actually say yes (judiciously). Ultimately the chapter exhorts scholar to be kinder to ourselves, and ends with the hope that these learnings from this author’s journey will spark ideas, offer insights, and help in the journeys of other scholars.


Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6463) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Meredith Wadman
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 20190429
Author(s):  
Julia D. Sigwart ◽  
Geerat J. Vermeij ◽  
Peter Hoyer

Many animals with external armour, such as hedgehogs, isopods and trilobites, curl into a protective ball when disturbed. However, in situations where predators would engulf an exposed animal whole, regardless of position, conglobation may provide limited added defence and the benefits were previously unclear. We show that polyplacophoran molluscs (chitons) are three times less likely to spend time curled into a ball in the presence of a predator. When the cue of a potential predator is present, animals instead spend significantly more time in active, high risk, high reward behaviours such as arching, balancing on the head and tail ends of their girdle and pushing the soft foot up into an exposed position. Arching increases vulnerability, but also can increase the likelihood of rapidly encountering new substratum that would allow the animal to right itself. In some other animals, the ability to roll into a ball is associated with rolling away from danger. Curling into a ball would improve mobility, to be rolled on to a safer position, but reattachment is the higher priority for chitons in the face of danger.


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