The Value of Public Participation in Land-Use Planning for Redeeming Congestion in South African Municipalities

This paper captures the value of public participation as a redeemer of South African municipalities in land use planning. In this paper, it is argued that there is scant public participation in local government developmental matters, especially in land-use planning. South African municipalities are congested due to lack of public participation in land-use planning in the municipal arena. This is despite the fact that the constitution requires active public engagement in questions of developing local administration. The challenge of inactive public participation endures throughout the IDP, and this is now perceived as a dream wish. It is further argued that it is important to involve the public in land-use, especially in the following categories: commercial, residential, public facilities, industrial, and open spaces. The arguments in this paper were also founded on Patsy Healey's 1997 theory of collaborative planning. Collaborative planning theory has been used to develop ideas and arguments. This is a conceptual paper based on secondary data. The paper relied heavily on current literature on public participation and land-use planning. Despite the arrival of democracy in South Africa, the theoretical findings of this research indicated that there is still apartheid in spatial planning. It is also discovered that the adopted South African apartheid spatial planning continues to overlook community involvement in municipal land-use planning. When it comes to planning, the study proposes that municipal authorities follow the Batho Pele principles. At the municipal level, public engagement should not be passive but interactive and consultative. Finally, the paper advocates for land-use planning reforms and the use of active public engagement to save South African municipalities from congestion.

Stakeholder Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions and Their Collaborative Co-Design and Implementation Processes in Rural Mountain Areas—A Case Study From PHUSICOS

Planners and engineers increasingly discovered nature as a source of inspiration to mitigate hydro-meteorological risks resulting from extreme weather events. Actors are realizing advantages of such solutions known as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to rapidly adapt to changing climate patterns and related impacts such as flooding, landslides, mudflows or rockfalls. NBS also provide multiple co-benefits such as an increased landscape value for society and biodiversity. Because of their inherent characteristics, NBS implementation are more efficient when supported by participative approaches. At the same time, strengthening democratic and collaborative planning into Living Labs approaches generates an increase in interest. This helps to overcome bottlenecks when implementing measures and provide common ground to provide space for new ideas, to promote innovation and to develop solutions with high acceptance. While co-design and implementing NBS has already been applied and well documented for urban areas, there are few publications on collaborative planning, stakeholder perception and NBS co-implementation in rural mountain areas. In our case study analysis from the EU-funded H2020 project PUSICOS, we present stakeholder views on NBS, their possibility to reduce natural hazards in different mountainous case study areas, different discussed measures, NBS types and stages of implementation. We analyze expectations on Living Lab processes to co-design NBS and important topics to be addressed in these processes from the view, perspective and perception of local stakeholders. Despite the importance of NBS on political and research agenda, in both the literature and the interviews, the concept and ideas are less familiar to stakeholders. NBS are mainly encountered within river restoration measures. The main interest was to reduce risks and to find solutions that were attractive and interesting also from an economical point of view e.g. business models for farmers and landowners and less of the multiple benefits that are most important for stakeholders in urban areas. The collaborative planning approach was seen as important for engaging stakeholders and creating knowledge about NBS. These insights will contribute to the understanding and address the management of intense stakeholder involvement processes, identify barriers that arise, and support in-depth participatory processes.

Pendekatan Kolaboratif dalam Menangani Konflik Spasial Kawasan Pesisir di Pantai Selatan Yogyakarta

Title: A Collaborative Approach to Handling Coastal Spatial Conflicts in Yogyakarta Southern Coast Yogyakarta's southern coastal ecosystem is facing increasing impacts from fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, energy production, shipping, pollution, climate change and other stressors. This paper discusses the importance of collaborative planning, more than community-based in coastal tourism areas as well as mangrove forest conservation areas, as well as environmental stressors in the form of shrimp ponds. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the understanding of the type of planning approach that is most appropriate, namely collaborative in areas that have spatial conflicts. The method used in this paper is a literature study which describes the theory, findings, and other research materials obtained from reference material to be used as a research basis by compiling a clear framework from the formulation of the problem to be studied. coupled with field observations. The author then provides a review, summary, and dialogue about the theory which is then used to build a relevant theoretical framework. Literature references used are related to collaborative planning and coastal tourism. Based on the discussion that has been done, it can be concluded that to overcome spatial conflicts in the southern coastal tourism area of ??Yogyakarta, this type of planning with a collaborative approach is the most appropriate to be applied wherein the process involves stakeholders with the ultimate goal of a collective agreement for all parties and with a sustainable perspective.

Living Labs: A Creative and Collaborative Planning Approach

Communities around the world are facing an increasing number of ‘wicked problems’, many of which are spatial issues. Therefore, high expectations are placed on the role of planning in addressing them. However, such complex challenges cannot be easily solved with the traditional, sectoral planning approaches, or by planners and decision-makers alone; they require a cross-sectoral and societal-inclusive understanding and collaboration of various kinds of stakeholders. Consequently, in the search for new approaches and tools that favour experimentation, flexibility, and collaboration, planners and decision-makers are turning their attention towards the private sector, where Living Labs have been extensively used in open and user-oriented innovation. Despite the growing number of studies that picture them as a ‘magic recipe’ for experimentation and development of creative solutions for ‘wicked problems’, Living Labs have only recently started gaining attention in the spatial domain. In this chapter, we position Living Labs as a creative and collaborative planning approach. Based on a literature review on Living Labs, and on empirical research carried out in three spatial planning and water infrastructure projects from the Netherlands, we propose a five-phased ‘living lab way of working’ and reflect on the role of Living Labs as a planning method. We end by outlining several recommendations that could be useful when considering the use of Living Labs as a planning method. The conclusion of this chapter shows that despite the challenges they pose, Living Labs represent a relevant and growing practice in spatial planning, especially because they provide a conducive way of connecting local-scale and larger-scale planning issues and solutions.

4D modelling using virtual collaborative planning and scheduling

During the last decades, the introduction of Building Information Models (BIM) has opened new possibilities to ensure better communication and a shared understanding between stakeholders in construction projects. Similar benefits have been found in 4D simulations of the schedule. While BIM and 4D use has seen a steady increase, the potential benefits have not fully been realised, primarily due to tools not supporting and enabling the full potential of collaborative stakeholder involvement in scheduling. The benefits of 4D simulations come from improving communication between stakeholders. While traditional 4D modelling connects an existing BIM model with an existing schedule, a move from this type of passive 4D visualisation toward social co-creation enables all stakeholders to be involved in the scheduling process. This connection is further enhanced with the use of Virtual Reality (VR). Recent research has shown VR to enhance understanding and perception of the space and details and, thus, a better understanding of the project. This paper maps collaborative planning and scheduling method and traditional 4D scheduling using process modelling. This mapping is followed by implementing the 4D collaborative planning and scheduling method in the virtual project planning system with support for a multi-user interactive VR environment. The system enables social co-creation both during the planning and scheduling and during 4D modelling; it improves understanding of the project and the planning and scheduling.

Collaborative planning for Surabaya Smart City 2020 Program during the pandemic

There have been many criticisms against the concept of smart city development, which only emphasizes technology. Implementing a smart city requires the involvement of a complex social sphere. Therefore, it cannot be separated from its smart citizens. Meanwhile, technology is the only tool in a smart city. Smart city development then shifts the planning paradigm to become more participative, creative, innovative, and collaborative. Smart citizens freely open up network space, establish communication, and collaborate with stakeholders to find the best solution for the problems in their settlements, including in the urban kampong. The researchers found the collaborative planning process of urban kampong development in the Surabaya Smart City (SSC) program. This kampong improvement program was initiated by the Surabaya City Government in 2019 and continues in 2020 despite the pandemic. After going through the selection and judging stages, Sambi Arum Kampong received the best kampong title in the program. This study aimed to determine how the collaborative planning process took place in the Sambi Arum Kampong during the pandemic. The researchers collected the data through in-depth interviews and literature reviews, which was then analyzed qualitatively using the deductive content-analysis method. This study explains that we can achieve collaborative smart city planning during a pandemic through flexible local institutional design and communication technology.