Assessing the archaeological data for wool-bearing sheep during the Middle to Late Neolithic at Bronocice, Poland

2014 ◽  
pp. 80-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Lorraine Pipes ◽  
Janusz Kruk ◽  
Sarunas Milisauskas
1997 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 221-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parker Pearson ◽  
R.E. Sydes ◽  
S. Boardman ◽  
B. Brayshay ◽  
P.C. Buckland ◽  
...  

The Early Iron Age enclosures and associated sites on Sutton Common on the western edge of the Humberhead Levels contain an exceptional variety of archaeological data of importance not only to the region but for the study of later prehistory in the British Isles. Few other later prehistoric British sites outside the East Anglian fens and the Somerset Levels have thus far produced the quantity and quality of organically preserved archaeological materials that have been found, despite the small scale of the investigations to date. The excavations have provided an opportunity to integrate a variety of environmental analyses, of wood, pollen, beetles, waterlogged and carbonised plant remains, and of soil micromorphology, to address archaeological questions about the character, use, and environment of this Early Iron Age marsh fort. The site is comprised of a timber palisaded enclosure and a succeeding multivallate enclosure linked to a smaller enclosure by a timber alignment across a palaeochannel, with associated finds ranging in date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Roman and medieval periods. Among the four adjacent archaeological sites is an Early Mesolithic occupation site, also with organic preservation, and there is a Late Neolithic site beneath the large enclosure. Desiccation throughout the common is leading to the damage and loss of wooden and organic remains. It is hoped that the publication of these results, of investigations between 1987 and 1993, will lead to a fuller investigation taking place.


Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6466) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Mittnik ◽  
Ken Massy ◽  
Corina Knipper ◽  
Fabian Wittenborn ◽  
Ronny Friedrich ◽  
...  

Revealing and understanding the mechanisms behind social inequality in prehistoric societies is a major challenge. By combining genome-wide data, isotopic evidence, and anthropological and archaeological data, we have gone beyond the dominating supraregional approaches in archaeogenetics to shed light on the complexity of social status, inheritance rules, and mobility during the Bronze Age. We applied a deep microregional approach and analyzed genome-wide data of 104 human individuals deriving from farmstead-related cemeteries from the Late Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age in southern Germany. Our results reveal individual households, lasting several generations, that consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals; a social organization accompanied by patrilocality and female exogamy; and the stability of this system over 700 years.


Author(s):  
Pavel V. Mandryka ◽  
Olga E. Poshekhonova ◽  
Kseniia V. Biryuleva ◽  
Liliia A. Maksimovich ◽  
Anastasiia V. Sleptsova ◽  
...  

The article analyzes the findings on the Neolithic burial discovered at the Udachny-14 burial site in the city of Krasnoyarsk. The skeleton of a child of 9–10 years old was located head to the south-west parallel to the river (upstream). Over the grave there is a hearth in which the red deer calcaneal bone is found. Between the skull and the pelvis bones, two beaver incisors lying parallel to each other, could relate to clothing or to decoration. A piece of ochre was found near the left instep bones. Almost all the bones of the legs of the buried individual were in anatomical order and were elongated along the long burial axis. The corpus bones, shoulder girdle and head were greatly displaced. Such order of the bones suggests that the grave was disturbed a short time after the funeral. Odontologic examination of the remains shows a combination in the dentition structure of the “eastern” and “western” signs with a predominance of the first ones. The greatest odontologic similarity of the buried individual is related to a few Neolithic series from the Northern Angara region, which partially correlates with the archaeological data. Based on the 14C date and the stratigraphic position, the burial is dated to the late Neolithic (the end of the 4th millennium BC). Among the few sites in the region, it finds analogies in the necropolises of “Bor” urotshistshe at the mouth of the Bazaikha river, near the summer children’s camps of the GorONO and in the Gremyachiy Ruchei burial ground. They are characterized by the soil burials, the grave pits located mainly along the river, postmortal manipulations with the dead body, over- or near grave fire, use of jewellery made of teeth and animal bones as accompanying burial objects


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacInnes

The nature of social organization during the Orcadian Neolithic has been the subject of discussion for several decades with much of the debate focused on answering an insightful question posed by Colin Renfrew in 1979. He asked, how was society organised to construct the larger, innovative monuments of the Orcadian Late Neolithic that were centralised in the western Mainland? There are many possible answers to the question but little evidence pointing to a probable solution, so the discussion has continued for many years. This paper takes a new approach by asking a different question: what can be learned about Orcadian Neolithic social organization from the quantitative and qualitative evidence accumulating from excavated domestic structures and settlements?In an attempt to answer this question, quantitative and qualitative data about domestic structures and about settlements was collected from published reports on 15 Orcadian Neolithic excavated sites. The published data is less extensive than hoped but is sufficient to support a provisional answer: a social hierarchy probably did not develop in the Early Neolithic but almost certainly did in the Late Neolithic, for which the data is more comprehensive.While this is only one approach of several possible ways to consider the question, it is by exploring different methods of analysis and comparing them that an understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic can move forward.


2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Towers ◽  
Nick Card

This paper describes a hitherto unidentified adaptation in Grooved Ware pottery at the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney ( Fig. 1 ). The technological technique adopted appears designed to cope with a common problem of Grooved Ware potters at the Ness: that of detached cordons, where applied decorative cordons on the exterior surface of the vessels are knocked off or simply fall off. The evidence shows that, in the case of one large pottery deposit from the site, some vessel exteriors were specially prepared in order to ensure cordon adhesion. The Ness of Brodgar site is introduced, issues surrounding pottery production and applied decoration in the Late Neolithic, particularly in Orkney, are noted and the problem-solving sherds are described. The paper is illustrated in part by the use of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI).


Author(s):  
Michael J. O'Kelly ◽  
Rose M. Cleary ◽  
Daragh Lehane
Keyword(s):  

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