Migrant Smuggling Networks and Jihadist Terrorism

AbstractThis article investigates interwar people-smuggling networks, based in Germany and Czechoslovakia, that transported undocumented emigrants across borders from east-central Europe to northern Europe, where the travelers planned to sail to the United States. Many of the people involved in such networks in the Saxon-Bohemian borderlands had themselves been immigrants from Galicia. They had left a homeland decimated by the First World War and subsequent violence and entered societies with limited avenues to earn a living. The “othering” of these Galician immigrants became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as those on the margins of society then sought illegal ways to supplement their income. This article concludes that the poor economic conditions and threat of ongoing violence that spurred migrant clients to seek undocumented passage had driven their smugglers, who also faced social marginalization, to emigration and the business of migrant smuggling.

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Asian Pacific Americans Living with HIV Who Were Smuggled Immigrants: A Qualitative Study

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/10547738211008572 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382110085

Author(s):

Feifei Huang ◽

Wei-Ti Chen ◽

Cheng-Shi Shiu ◽

Wenxiu Sun ◽

Abigail Radaza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Legal Status ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Care Providers ◽

Migration Routes ◽

Migrant Smuggling ◽

Living With Hiv

Migrant smuggling is a humanitarian crisis that impacts public health. A limited number of studies have focused on the links between migrant smuggling and its impact on the risk of infectious diseases, including HIV, for those smuggled. To explore these links, we conducted in-depth interviews with 11 Asian and Pacific Americans (APA) living with HIV in New York and Los Angeles. Qualitative content analysis revealed that smuggled immigrants described their experience as one with opportunity and danger. Smuggled immigrants, who aimed to achieve their American dream, were influenced by hometown pioneers who successfully journeyed to the United States and by the prospect of gaining legal status through immigration policy similar to the 1986 amnesty. Unfortunately, the long and dangerous journey exposed the immigrants to health problems, including risk for HIV. Thus, health care providers for immigrants should assess their migration routes and screen for infectious diseases.

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What’s in a Name?

International Human Rights Law Review ◽

10.1163/22131035-00401003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Marika McAdam

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Human Rights Abuses ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

Rights Protection ◽

Migrant Smuggling

This article explores the challenges involved in differentiating between human trafficking and migrant smuggling, and their implications for human rights protection. Exploitation is dismissed as a hallmark of trafficking, with reference to situations of trafficking that occur without exploitation, and migrant smuggling that involves exploitation. The consent of smuggled migrants is similarly rejected as a signifier of smuggling, given the irrelevance of consent in human trafficking. Discussion of stigmatisation of migrants willing to migrant irregularly, and the simplification of their plight, leads to consideration of rights-based distinctions between the two phenomena. Assumptions made about the types of abuses that occur in trafficking and smuggling scenarios are explained as detracting from human rights protections of rights-holders. Ultimately, it is asserted that the labels of ‘trafficked’ and ‘smuggled’ should not be determined on the basis of human rights abuses, but should be confronted irrespective of which label has been allocated.

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The cooperative mechanism established by the Migrant Smuggling Protocol to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

Migration in the Mediterranean ◽

10.1017/cbo9781316104330.013 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 288-307

Author(s):

Patricia Mallia

Keyword(s):

Organized Crime ◽

Transnational Organized Crime ◽

Migrant Smuggling

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ENFORCING JURISDICTION AGAINST VESSELS SUSPECTED OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Revista de Direito Brasileira ◽

10.26668/indexlawjournals/2358-1352/2018.v20i8.4657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Fernando Alfaro Martínez

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

South America ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Military Operation ◽

Migrant Smuggling ◽

The Future ◽

The Eu

Analysis of the results of EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia since the beginning of its activities in June 2015, aiming to assert the level of achievement of its goals and conclude whether the establishment of a military operation was the best option to tackle a humanitarian crisis, as well as what have been the outcomes of the Operation for migrant mobility and for the actors involved, in particular, to the European solidarity system. The overview of the data presented by EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia helps to draw considerations for the future of the EU when dealing with future similar crises, not only affecting Europe, but in any country taking in consideration the migratory exodus happening, for example in South America these days, and that may be extended internationally. Is in this cases, where people flee from their origin countries seeking for shelter, when we must be aware of the necessary guarantee of Human Rights.

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