Instructional Resources for Tax Education: Communicating the Complexities of Capital Gains for Individuals After the 1997 and 1998 Tax Acts

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Nichols ◽  
John O. Everett ◽  
Richard Boley
Keyword(s):  
Tax Planning ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Teaching Tools ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Tax Education

his article provides examples and teaching tools for presenting the new capital gains provisions for individuals under the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 and the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998. For students to gain an understanding of these new complexities, they must work with examples and planning techniques that incorporate the new law in a meaningful way. This article provides two summary tables, three diagrams and nine computations or tax-planning mini-cases to assist tax professors in accomplishing this objective.

Capricious Application of the Law: IRS Disregard of Revenue Rulings

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Porcano ◽  
Jennifer L. Porcano
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
The Law ◽  
Full Force

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) publishes Treasury Regulations and revenue rulings, in part, to ease compliance problems for taxpayers by providing the IRS's interpretation of (and position on) tax law. The general public should be able to rely on these pronouncements when engaging in tax-planning and/or tax-compliance activities. As such, the IRS should consistently follow them. If the IRS takes a position contrary to these pronouncements and/or disregards them in pursuing an issue, then increased confusion results. In several instances, the IRS has chosen to ignore its revenue rulings or to consider them wrong even though the rulings continue to be in full force. This article identifies situations where the IRS has chosen to disregard its revenue rulings. The historical aspect of each situation where the IRS disregarded its revenue rulings is presented, along with the courts' responses to this action. Implications and conclusions of the IRS's actions are discussed.

Tax Practitioner Credentials and the Incidence of IRS Audit Adjustments

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy A. Hite ◽  
John Hasseldine
Keyword(s):  
Random Selection ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Selection Of

This study analyzes a random selection of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) office audits from October 1997 to July 1998, the type of audit that concerns most taxpayers. Taxpayers engage paid preparers in order to avoid this type of audit and to avoid any resulting tax adjustments. The study examines whether there are more audit adjustments and penalty assessments on tax returns with paid-preparer assistance than on tax returns without paid-preparer assistance. By comparing the frequency of adjustments on IRS office audits, the study finds that there are significantly fewer tax adjustments on paid-preparer returns than on self-prepared returns. Moreover, CPA-prepared returns resulted in fewer audit adjustments than non CPA-prepared returns.

The Effects of Capital Campaigns on Local Nonprofit Ecologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Woronkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Capital Campaign ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Capital Campaigns ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Nonprofit Arts

When charities launch capital campaigns, they hope to attract large amounts of resources in a relatively short period of time; however, other charities in the area are likely to see such campaigns as disruptive to the natural distribution of resources to area nonprofits by disproportionately directing area donations to a single organization. This study seeks to understand the effects capital campaigns have on both the fundraising performance of other nonprofits and the makeup of a local nonprofit ecology. The analysis uses data from a randomly sampled set of nonprofit arts organizations that had capital campaigns for facilities projects between 1994 and 2007 and Internal Revenue Service Form 990 data on 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organizations in each county. The results illustrate that a capital campaign positively affects the fundraising performance of other charities in a local nonprofit ecology, but that campaigns decrease the size of a local nonprofit ecology.

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