330 CHARACTERISTICS OF NOT KNOWING THE CD4 CELL COUNT WHEN LIVING WITH HIV.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. S315.3-S315
Author(s):  
A.R Hoellein ◽  
J. A. Kendall ◽  
J. F. Wilson ◽  
A. C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

scholarly journals CD4+ cell count stratification to guide tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Silvia Cohn ◽  
Dena Seabrook ◽  
Solange C. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Abdilahi Yousuf ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa ◽  
Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemployed, and earning a monthly income less than 1400 ETB (37.5 USD) were significantly associated with depression. Women with symptomatic HIV clinical stage III (AOR =2.06, 95% C.I (0.75-5.61), with CD4 cell count below 250 (AOR = 1.14, 95% C.I (0.57-2.28), and with co-infections (AOR= 1.04, 95% C.I (0.40-2.71) also suffered from depression. Conclusion: The study outcomes show that the prevalence of depression in women with HIV was 32.5%, but they were more likely to be depressed if they were illiterate, divorced, unemployed or had a financial burden. In addition, HIV positive women with less CD4 cell count and in the final clinical stage or suffered from a co-infection were also associated with depressive symptoms. This signifies the public health implications of psychological and cognitive morbidities of the illness among these women with chronic illnesses. Hence, future mental health interventions and HIV care should be integrated with substantial emphasis given to vulnerable groups, including HIV positive women.

Progressive phasing out of baseline CD4 cell count testing for people living with HIV in Kinshasa, DRC

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Mayasi Ngongo ◽  
Hippolyte Situakibanza Nani-Tuma ◽  
Marcel Mbula Mambimbi ◽  
Murielle Longokolo Mashi ◽  
Ben Bepouka Izizag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals A comparative study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abraham Mainaji Amlogu ◽  
Sundus Tewfik ◽  
Charles Wambebe ◽  
Ihab Tewfik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition has a negative impact on optimal immune function, thus increasing susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of macro and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin C) has a negative impact on optimal immune function, through the progressive depletion of CD4 T-lymphocyte cells, which thereby increases susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition sensitive intervention to delay the progression of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS among people living with HIV in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out on 400 PLWH (adult, male and female of different religious background) in Abuja, Nigeria between January and December, 2012. Out of these 400 participants, 100 were randomly selected for the six months pilot study (January to June, 2012). The participants in the pilot study overlapped to form part of the scale-up participants (n 400) monitored from June to December, 2012. The comparative effect of daily consumed 354.92 kcal/d optimised meal for six and twelve months was ascertained through the nutritional status and biochemical indices of the study participants (n 100 pilot and n 400 scale-up interventions) who were/were not taking the intervention meal. The meal consisted of: Glycine max 50g; Pennisetum americanum 20g; Moringa oleifera 15g; Daucus carota spp.sativa 15g.Results: At the end of six months of the scale-up intervention, mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 6.31% and 12.12% respectively. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.72% and 2.52% within the same period (n 400). Comparatively, participants who overlapped from pilot to scale-up intervention (Long term use, n 100) were assessed for 12 months. Mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.21% and 12.14%. Mean MUAC for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.08% and 3.95% respectively. Moreover, Student’s t-test analysis suggests a strong association between the intervention meal,  MUAC and CD4 count on long term use of optimised meal in the group of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the achieved results take the form of specific technology, it suggests that a prolong consumption of the intervention meal will be suitable to sustain the gained improvements in the anthropometric and biochemical indices of PLWHIV in Nigeria. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Nutrition-sensitive approach; CD4 cell count; Macro and Micronutrients; ART; Tailored Functional Recipe - TFR.

scholarly journals The HIV treatment cascade in people living with HIV in Iran in 2014: Mixed-method study to measure losses and reasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Ghalehkhani ◽  
Behnam Farhoudi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Cascade Analysis ◽  
Hiv Treatment Cascade ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The study assessed the HIV treatment cascade of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran and the reasons for gaps in HIV services in 2014. We did the cascade analysis using the WHO HIV test–treat–retain cascade analysis tool (2014). To measure the gaps, we checked the records for all PLWH reported to the national HIV surveillance till September 2014 to define how many were alive, linked to HIV care, assessed for CD4 cell count, started antiretroviral therapy (ART), and reported to be alive up to five years after ART. To assess the reasons for gaps in the cascade, we ran desk review, four focus group discussions and 51 in-depth interviews with key informants including PLWH. Spectrum model estimated 75,700 PLWH in Iran, of whom only 22,647 people (%30) were diagnosed. Of those who were diagnosed with HIV, 16,266 people (%72) had enrolled in HIV care. About 13% of all PLWH were retained in HIV care and only 9% (6745 people) had ever been tested for CD4 cell count. Only 8% (6018 people) of all PLWH had received ART by September 2014. We found the biggest gap in the HIV treatment cascade to be HIV diagnosis as only 30% of PLWH have been diagnosed. Innovative strategies to improve HIV testing, particularly those that work best for key populations, are critical to reach the 90–90-90 targets.

scholarly journals Immunologic Restoration of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: The Focus of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Co-Morbidities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Melaku ◽  
Girma Mamo ◽  
Legese Chelkeba ◽  
Tesfahun Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: The life expectancy of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has dramatically improved with the much-increased access to antiretroviral therapy. Consequently, a larger number of people living with HIV are living longer and facing the increased burden of non-communicable diseases. This study assessed the effect of chronic non-communicable disease(s) and co-morbidities on the immunologic restoration of HIV infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted among people living with HIV at Jimma University Medical Center from February 20 to August 20, 2016. Cases were HIV infected patients living with chronic non-communicable diseases and controls were people living with HIV only. Patient-specific data were collected using a structured data collection tool to identify relevant information. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with outcome. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05. A patient's written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study. Results: A total of 240 participants (120 cases and 120 controls) were included in the analysis. Prevalence of hypertension was 12.50%, and diabetes was 10.84%. About 10.42% of study participants were living with multi-morbidity. At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of cases was 42.32±10.69 years, whereas it was 38.41±8.23 years among controls. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 184.50 cells/µL (IQR: 98.50 - 284.00 cells/µL) for cases and 177.0 cells/µL (IQR: 103.75 - 257.25 cells/µL) for controls. Post-6-months of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation, about 29.17% of cases and 16.67% of controls had poor immunologic restoration. An average increase of CD4+ cell count was 6.4cells/µL per month among cases and 7.6 cells/µL per month among controls. Male sex [AOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.496 to 8.24; p=0.004], smoking history [AOR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.072, to 7.342; p=0.036] and co-morbidity with chronic non-communicable disease(s) [AOR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.604 to 9.916; p=0.003)] were independent predictors of poor immunologic restoration. Conclusions: Chronic non-communicable disease(s) have negative effects on the kinetics of CD4+ cell count among HIV-infected patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy. So the integration of chronic non-communicable disease-HIV collaborative activities will strengthen battle to control the double burden of chronic illnesses.

scholarly journals Single-Dose 13-Valent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in People Living With HIV – Immunological Response and Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Romaru ◽  
Mathilde Bahuaud ◽  
Gauthier Lejeune ◽  
Maxime Hentzien ◽  
Jean-Luc Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

BackgroundPatients living with HIV (PLHIV) are prone to invasive pneumococcal disease. The 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is currently recommended for all PLHIV, followed in most guidelines by a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Data are scarce concerning the immunological efficacy of PCV13 among PLHIV.ObjectiveTo assess the immunological response at one month, and the immunological protection at 1-, 6-, and 12 months in PLHIV with a CD4 cell count above 200 cells/µl after a single dose of PCV13, as measured by both ELISA and opsonophagocytic assay (OPA).MethodsPLHIV with CD4 cell count &gt;200 cells/µl were included. Specific IgG serum concentrations for eight serotypes by ELISA and seven serotypes by OPA were measured at baseline, 1-, 6-, and 12 months after the PCV13 vaccination. Global response was defined as a two-fold increase from baseline of specific IgG antibody levels (μg/ml) assayed by ELISA or as a four-fold increase in OPA titer from baseline, for at least five serotypes targeted by PCV13. Global protection was defined as an IgG-concentration ≥1 µg/ml by ELISA or as an opsonization titer ≥LLOQ by OPA for at least five tested serotypes targeted by PCV13. Factors associated with global response and global protection were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 38 PLHIV included, 57.9% and 63.2% were global responders, 92.1% and 78.9% were globally protected at one month, and 64.7% and 55.9% were still protected at 12 months, by ELISA and OPA respectively. A CD4/CD8 ratio of &gt;0.8 was significantly associated with a better global response by OPA (OR=6.11, p=0.02), and a CD4 nadir &lt;200 was significantly associated with a poorer global response by ELISA (OR=0.22, p=0.04). A CD4 cell count nadir &lt;200 and age over 50 years were associated with poorer global protection by OPA at M1 (OR=0.18, p=0.04) and M12 (OR= 0.15, p=0.02), respectively. Plasma HIV RNA viral load &lt;40 copies/ml was significantly associated with a better global protection at M1 by ELISA and OPA (OR=21.33, p=0.025 and OR=8.40, p=0.04)ConclusionVaccination with PCV13 in these patients induced immunological response and protection at one month. At one year, more than half of patients were still immunologically protected.

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