Women's Neurology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angela O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

This review details some of the features important to consider in women with neurologic disease, including medication and disease effects on both reproductive health and pregnancy/fetal development, as well as hormonal effects on neurologic disease. A case-based approach is used to discuss diseases that affect women throughout their life cycle (multiple sclerosis [MS] and epilepsy), disorders that affect only women (eclampsia), and those that affect women preferentially (migraine, cerebral venous thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasospasm, and Alzheimer disease). The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis are reviewed for each disorder. Tables include US Food and Drug Administration pharmaceutical pregnancy categories, learning objectives, migraine with aura, alternative diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura, migraine aura versus transient ischemic attacks, red flags to secondary headache, abortive headache therapy in pregnancy, migraine preventive medications and pregnancy, MS therapies in pregnancy, pregnancy consulting points for MS patients on a disease-modifying therapy, and general recommendations for women with epilepsy and pregnancy. Figures show fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo magnetic resonance images of the right anterior parietal region; a magnetic resonance venogram demonstrating occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and computed tomographic (CT) images of a hemorrhage in the left parietal region, left frontal subarachnoid bleeding, and left middle cerebral beading. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, and 29 references.

Women's Neurology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angela O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter reviews some of the features important to consider in women with neurologic disease, including medication and disease effects on both reproductive health and pregnancy/fetal development, as well as hormonal effects on neurologic disease. A case-based approach is used to discuss diseases that affect women throughout their life cycle (multiple sclerosis [MS] and epilepsy), disorders that affect only women (eclampsia), and those that affect women preferentially (migraine, cerebral venous thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasospasm, and Alzheimer disease). The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis are reviewed for each disorder. Tables include US Food and Drug Administration pharmaceutical pregnancy categories, learning objectives, migraine with aura, alternative diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura, migraine aura versus transient ischemic attacks, red flags to secondary headache, abortive headache therapy in pregnancy, migraine preventive medications and pregnancy, MS therapies in pregnancy, pregnancy consulting points for MS patients on a disease-modifying therapy, and general recommendations for women with epilepsy and pregnancy. Figures show fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo magnetic resonance images of the right anterior parietal region; a magnetic resonance venogram demonstrating occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and computed tomographic (CT) images of a hemorrhage in the left parietal region, left frontal subarachnoid bleeding, and left middle cerebral beading. This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, 29 references, and 5 MCQs.

Atypical Localization of Enchondroma in the Calcaneus

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkam Komurcu ◽  
Burak Kaymaz ◽  
Umut Hatay Golge ◽  
Ferdi Goksel ◽  
Mustafa Resorlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atypical Localization

A 53-year-old man presented to the orthopedic outpatient clinic with pain and swelling in the right heel without any trauma. On physical examination and radiologic assessment, a lesion with calcification and peripheral sclerosis was detected in the medullary cavity of the calcaneus, and computed tomographic images revealed cortical thinning adjacent to the lesion. Magnetic resonance images showed a 23 × 19-mm lesion. Tru-Cut biopsy, performed to clarify the diagnosis, revealed an enchondroma. As a definitive treatment, curettage of the lesion and grafting of the cavity was performed. Although enchondromas are common pathologic abnormalities of the skeleton and are usually asymptomatic, atypical localization, such as the calcaneus, and atypical clinical manifestations, such as heel pain, should also be kept in mind.

Elevation of the Petrous Bone Caused by Hyperplasia of the Occipital Bone Presenting as Hemifacial Spasm: Diagnostic Values of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images in a Bone Anomaly

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuroh Tanaka ◽  
Yutaka Irie ◽  
Shinya Yoshinaga ◽  
Masamichi Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
The Right

Abstract A case of elevation of the petrous bone due to hyperplasia of the occipital bone presenting as hemifacial spasm is reported. A 44-year-old man sought treatment for twitching of the buccal muscles on the right side that progressed rapidly in severity within 2 weeks of the onset. The anatomical details of the petrous and occipital bones were delineated clearly by computed tomographic scans of a bone window level. Details of the brain stem were shown by magnetic resonance images. The bone anomaly was displayed more realistically by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions. The faithful representation of structures with these radiological studies should be mandatory, to prepare the surgical planning of such a complicated bone anomaly.

scholarly journals Imaging findings of cerebral fat embolism syndrome: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095055
Author(s):  
Yali Wang ◽  
Zhihua Si ◽  
Jingzhe Han ◽  
Shuangqing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Embolism Syndrome ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cerebral Fat Embolism Syndrome ◽  
Head Computed Tomography

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) syndrome is relatively rare in clinical practice. Currently, there is no uniform standard of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of the disease. In this report, we present head computed tomography and magnetic resonance images (T2-weighted images, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, diffusion-weighted images, and susceptibility-weighted images) in a case of CFE. This report explains the imaging characteristics of CFE and improves the clinician’s understanding of this disease and its etiology.

Thymic Carcinoma Presenting as Cranial Metastasis with Intradural and Extracranial Extension: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoji Tamura ◽  
Toshihiko Kuroiwa ◽  
Atsushi Doi ◽  
Kyong-Yob Min
Keyword(s):  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Multiple Cycle ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cranial Metastasis ◽  
Upper Mediastinum ◽  
High Degree

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Thymic carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumor that is different from thymoma. Cranial and brain metastases from this tumor are extremely rare. We report a thymic carcinoma with cranial metastasis and discuss the behavior of this tumor. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 50-year-old man presented with headache and a palpable scalp tumor. Computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance images revealed an osteolytic tumor with intradural and extracranial extension in the right occipital bone. INTERVENTION After gross total resection and histological diagnosis, further investigation revealed a primary thymic tumor in the anterior upper mediastinum and liver metastases. The patient received multiple-cycle chemotherapy (cisplatin and gemcitabine) for primary and metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION Thymic carcinoma has a poor prognosis because of a high degree of malignancy, early metastasis, and delayed diagnosis. Thus, treatment of a patient with this tumor calls for prompt diagnosis, surgical treatment, and optimal adjuvant therapy.

Effect of Lateral Tilt Angle on the Volume of the Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women Determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Higuchi ◽  
Shunichi Takagi ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Ikue Furui ◽  
Makoto Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Lateral Tilt ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Left-lateral tilt position is used to reduce assumed aortocaval compression by the pregnant uterus. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 10 singleton parturients at full term and 10 healthy nonpregnant women were obtained for measurement of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava volume between the L1–L2 disk and L3–L4 disk levels in both the supine and left-lateral tilt positions (15°, 30°, and 45°) maintained by insertion of a 1.5-m-long polyethylene foam placed under the right side of the parturient’s body. Results: Aortic volume did not differ significantly between parturients and nonpregnant women in the supine position (12.7 ± 2.0 vs.12.6 ± 2.1 ml, mean ± SD; mean difference, –0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.0 to 1.9; P = 0.95). Inferior vena cava volume in the supine position was significantly lower in parturients than in nonpregnant women (3.2 ± 3.4 vs.17.5 ± 7.8 ml; mean difference, 14.3; 95% CI, 8.3–20.2; P < 0.001). Aortic volume in parturients did not differ among left-lateral tilt positions. Inferior vena cava volume in the parturients was not increased at 15° (3.0 ± 2.1 ml; mean difference, −0.2; 95% CI, −1.5 to 1.2; P > 0.99), but was significantly increased at 30° (11.5 ± 8.6 ml; mean difference, 8.3; 95% CI, 2.3–14.2; P = 0.009) and 45° (10.9 ± 6.8 ml; mean difference, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.2–13.1; P = 0.015). Conclusions: In parturients, the aorta was not compressed, and a 15° left-lateral tilt position did not effectively reduce inferior vena cava compression.

The sequential changes of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images in the healing process of acute fulminant hepatitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A1470
Author(s):  
Masayo Mizutani ◽  
Atsushi Ohmae ◽  
Akiko Todaka ◽  
Hajime Wakeshima ◽  
Akihiro Nakama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fulminant Hepatitis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Ruptured S1-S2 Disc Presenting with S2 Radiculopathy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Nabors ◽  
F. Donald Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Disc Material ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Possible Cause

Abstract We report the case of a 61-year-old man in whom numbness developed on the right side of the penis, scrotum, and perineum after he jumped into a swimming pool. Magnetic resonance imaging and a computed tomographic scan disclosed a lesion at S1-S2 impinging on the right S2 nerve root. At surgery, ruptured disc material originating in an area normally occupied by the fixed fibrocartilaginous plate was identified and excised. Postoperatively, the numbness resolved. We discuss a possible cause of the rupturing of the sacral disc and recommended treatment by laminectomy and excision, as in other cases of ruptured disc at other levels of the spinal column.

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