Thymic Carcinoma Presenting as Cranial Metastasis with Intradural and Extracranial Extension: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoji Tamura ◽  
Toshihiko Kuroiwa ◽  
Atsushi Doi ◽  
Kyong-Yob Min
Keyword(s):  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Multiple Cycle ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cranial Metastasis ◽  
Upper Mediastinum ◽  
High Degree

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Thymic carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumor that is different from thymoma. Cranial and brain metastases from this tumor are extremely rare. We report a thymic carcinoma with cranial metastasis and discuss the behavior of this tumor. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 50-year-old man presented with headache and a palpable scalp tumor. Computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance images revealed an osteolytic tumor with intradural and extracranial extension in the right occipital bone. INTERVENTION After gross total resection and histological diagnosis, further investigation revealed a primary thymic tumor in the anterior upper mediastinum and liver metastases. The patient received multiple-cycle chemotherapy (cisplatin and gemcitabine) for primary and metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION Thymic carcinoma has a poor prognosis because of a high degree of malignancy, early metastasis, and delayed diagnosis. Thus, treatment of a patient with this tumor calls for prompt diagnosis, surgical treatment, and optimal adjuvant therapy.

Atypical Localization of Enchondroma in the Calcaneus

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkam Komurcu ◽  
Burak Kaymaz ◽  
Umut Hatay Golge ◽  
Ferdi Goksel ◽  
Mustafa Resorlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atypical Localization

A 53-year-old man presented to the orthopedic outpatient clinic with pain and swelling in the right heel without any trauma. On physical examination and radiologic assessment, a lesion with calcification and peripheral sclerosis was detected in the medullary cavity of the calcaneus, and computed tomographic images revealed cortical thinning adjacent to the lesion. Magnetic resonance images showed a 23 × 19-mm lesion. Tru-Cut biopsy, performed to clarify the diagnosis, revealed an enchondroma. As a definitive treatment, curettage of the lesion and grafting of the cavity was performed. Although enchondromas are common pathologic abnormalities of the skeleton and are usually asymptomatic, atypical localization, such as the calcaneus, and atypical clinical manifestations, such as heel pain, should also be kept in mind.

Women's Neurology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angela O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

This review details some of the features important to consider in women with neurologic disease, including medication and disease effects on both reproductive health and pregnancy/fetal development, as well as hormonal effects on neurologic disease. A case-based approach is used to discuss diseases that affect women throughout their life cycle (multiple sclerosis [MS] and epilepsy), disorders that affect only women (eclampsia), and those that affect women preferentially (migraine, cerebral venous thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasospasm, and Alzheimer disease). The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis are reviewed for each disorder. Tables include US Food and Drug Administration pharmaceutical pregnancy categories, learning objectives, migraine with aura, alternative diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura, migraine aura versus transient ischemic attacks, red flags to secondary headache, abortive headache therapy in pregnancy, migraine preventive medications and pregnancy, MS therapies in pregnancy, pregnancy consulting points for MS patients on a disease-modifying therapy, and general recommendations for women with epilepsy and pregnancy. Figures show fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo magnetic resonance images of the right anterior parietal region; a magnetic resonance venogram demonstrating occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and computed tomographic (CT) images of a hemorrhage in the left parietal region, left frontal subarachnoid bleeding, and left middle cerebral beading. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, and 29 references.

Elevation of the Petrous Bone Caused by Hyperplasia of the Occipital Bone Presenting as Hemifacial Spasm: Diagnostic Values of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images in a Bone Anomaly

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuroh Tanaka ◽  
Yutaka Irie ◽  
Shinya Yoshinaga ◽  
Masamichi Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
The Right

Abstract A case of elevation of the petrous bone due to hyperplasia of the occipital bone presenting as hemifacial spasm is reported. A 44-year-old man sought treatment for twitching of the buccal muscles on the right side that progressed rapidly in severity within 2 weeks of the onset. The anatomical details of the petrous and occipital bones were delineated clearly by computed tomographic scans of a bone window level. Details of the brain stem were shown by magnetic resonance images. The bone anomaly was displayed more realistically by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions. The faithful representation of structures with these radiological studies should be mandatory, to prepare the surgical planning of such a complicated bone anomaly.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for a Patient With Cancer of Unknown Primary: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Ni ◽  
KaiJin Lu ◽  
Chi Pan ◽  
ShengBin Dai ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
Case Presentations ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic at diagnosis with unknown primary site, indicating a high degree of malignancy with poor prognosis. The development and application of targeted therapy and Immunotherapy is the current research hotspot, and provide more treatment options for CUP.Case Presentations: A 36-year-old freeworking male presented with pain on the right hip in April 2018. After various examinations, he was diagnosed as CUP. He received chemotherapy, immunotherapy and local radiotherapy in our department. However, the use of radiotherapy after immunotherapy resulted in severe pneumonia. Conclusions: Compared with traditional treatments, immunotherapy is effective treatment with fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. However, treating physicians should continue to pay special attention to the occurrence of side effects, when radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

Women's Neurology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angela O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Secondary Headache ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter reviews some of the features important to consider in women with neurologic disease, including medication and disease effects on both reproductive health and pregnancy/fetal development, as well as hormonal effects on neurologic disease. A case-based approach is used to discuss diseases that affect women throughout their life cycle (multiple sclerosis [MS] and epilepsy), disorders that affect only women (eclampsia), and those that affect women preferentially (migraine, cerebral venous thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasospasm, and Alzheimer disease). The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis are reviewed for each disorder. Tables include US Food and Drug Administration pharmaceutical pregnancy categories, learning objectives, migraine with aura, alternative diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura, migraine aura versus transient ischemic attacks, red flags to secondary headache, abortive headache therapy in pregnancy, migraine preventive medications and pregnancy, MS therapies in pregnancy, pregnancy consulting points for MS patients on a disease-modifying therapy, and general recommendations for women with epilepsy and pregnancy. Figures show fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo magnetic resonance images of the right anterior parietal region; a magnetic resonance venogram demonstrating occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and computed tomographic (CT) images of a hemorrhage in the left parietal region, left frontal subarachnoid bleeding, and left middle cerebral beading. This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, 29 references, and 5 MCQs.

scholarly journals The Treatment for a Patient with Cancer of Unknown Primary: A Case Report

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582110561
Author(s):  
QingTao Ni ◽  
KaiJin Lu ◽  
Chi Pan ◽  
ShengBin Dai ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree

Background Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic at diagnosis with an unknown primary site, indicating a high degree of malignancy with a poor prognosis. The development and application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are current research hotspots, which provide additional treatment options for CUP. Case Presentation A 36-year-old male presented with pain on the right hip in April 2018. After various examinations, he was diagnosed with CUP. This patient received chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and local radiotherapy in our department. However, the use of radiotherapy after immunotherapy resulted in severe pneumonia. Conclusion Compared with traditional treatments, immunotherapy is an effective treatment with fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. However, treating physicians should be still pay special attention to the occurrence of side effects when radiotherapy is combined with immunotherapy.

scholarly journals QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii432-iii432
Author(s):  
Adeoye Oyefiade ◽  
Kiran Beera ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Ute Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

High-Grade Stenosis of a Traumatic Brachiocephalic Pseudoaneurysm and the Change in Cerebral Blood Flow Assessed With Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
pp. 154431672110023
Author(s):  
Winnie Nguyen ◽  
Tammy Albanese ◽  
Vanessa Tran ◽  
Anne Moore ◽  
Laligam Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Luminal Narrowing ◽  
Basilar Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tomographic Angiography

This is a case report of a 35-year-old female pedestrian struck by a semi-truck. computed tomographic angiography (CTA) revealed a pseudoaneurysm at the proximal brachiocephalic artery measuring 1.8 cm in cranio-caudal length and 1.2 × 0.6 cm transverse. Just distal to the pseudoaneurysm, there was severe luminal narrowing caused by either a dissection flap or mural thrombus. Due to profound left-sided weakness, transcranial Doppler ultrasound was performed which demonstrated “hesitant” waveforms in the right middle cerebral and right vertebral arteries secondary to proximal obstruction. Hesitant waveforms display mid-systolic velocity deceleration and may also be referred to as the “bunny” waveform. Emboli monitoring of the right middle cerebral and basilar arteries were positive for active embolization

scholarly journals A Case of Atypical Bartonellosis in a 4-Year-Old Immunocompetent Child

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Chiara Sodini ◽  
Elena Mariotti Zani ◽  
Francesco Pecora ◽  
Cristiano Conte ◽  
Viviana Dora Patianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Major Illness ◽  
The Right

In most cases, infection due to Bartonella henselae causes a mild disease presenting with a regional lymphadenopathy frequently associated with a low-grade fever, headache, poor appetite and exhaustion that spontaneously resolves itself in a few weeks. As the infection is generally transmitted by cats through scratching or biting, the disease is named cat scratch disease (CSD). However, in 5–20% of cases, mainly in immunocompromised patients, systemic involvement can occur and CSD may result in major illness. This report describes a case of systemic CSD diagnosed in an immunocompetent 4-year-old child that can be used as an example of the problems that pediatricians must solve to reach a diagnosis of atypical CSD. Despite the child’s lack of history suggesting any contact with cats and the absence of regional lymphadenopathy, the presence of a high fever, deterioration of their general condition, increased inflammatory biomarkers, hepatosplenic lesions (i.e., multiple abscesses), pericardial effusion with mild mitral valve regurgitation and a mild dilatation of the proximal and medial portion of the right coronary artery, seroconversion for B. henselae (IgG 1:256) supported the diagnosis of atypical CSD. Administration of oral azithromycin was initiated (10 mg/kg/die for 3 days) with a progressive normalization of clinical, laboratory and US hepatosplenic and cardiac findings. This case shows that the diagnosis of atypical CSD is challenging. The nonspecific, composite and variable clinical features of this disease require a careful evaluation in order to achieve a precise diagnosis and to avoid both a delayed diagnosis and therapy with a risk of negative evolution.

scholarly journals Roles of ncRNAs as ceRNAs in Gastric Cancer

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Junhong Ye ◽  
Jifu Li ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Cerna Network ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna ◽  
Made In

Although ignored in the past, with the recent deepening of research, significant progress has been made in the field of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNA (miRNA) response elements regulate RNA. Long ncRNAs, circular RNAs, pseudogenes, miRNAs, and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) form a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that plays an essential role in cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, with a high degree of malignancy. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism and treatment of GC, but GC’s mortality rate is still high. Studies have shown a complex ceRNA crosstalk mechanism in GC. lncRNAs, circRNAs, and pseudogenes can interact with miRNAs to affect mRNA transcription. The study of the involvement of ceRNA in GC could improve our understanding of GC and lead to the identification of potential effective therapeutic targets. The research strategy for ceRNA is mainly to screen the different miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, pseudogenes, and mRNAs in each sample through microarray or sequencing technology, predict the ceRNA regulatory network, and, finally, conduct functional research on ceRNA. In this review, we briefly discuss the proposal and development of the ceRNA hypothesis and the biological function and principle of ceRNAs in GC, and briefly introduce the role of ncRNAs in the GC’s ceRNA network.

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