Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Application and Future Direction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew D Sorensen ◽  
Michael R Bailey

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy all have an important role in the management of patients with kidney and ureteral stones. SWL remains popular with providers and is preferred by many patients. This review describes the pros and cons of these procedures, the appropriate conditions for SWL, indicators for successful outcomes for SWL, effective SWL technique, and adverse effects. Also reported are the imaging and therapeutic research to improve SWL effectiveness. This may expand the use of SWL by addressing some of SWL’s current limitations and lead to improved patient outcomes. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 85 references Key words: burst wave lithotripsy, cavitation, comminution, coupling, endourology, kidney injury, kidney stones, minimally invasive, nephrolithiasis, shock wave lithotripsy, stone-free rate, ultrasonic propulsion, urolithiasis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Hegazy ◽  
M I Ahmed ◽  
A F M Abdelgawad

Abstract Background Urinary stone disease or nephrolithiasis, the third most common disease of the urinary tract is a major health problem due to its high prevalence, incidence and recurrence. The lifetime incidence of kidney stones for men and women is approximately 13% and 7% respectively. Although stones may be asymptomatic, potential consequences include abdominal and flank pain, nausea and vomiting, urinary tract obstruction, infection, and procedure-related morbidity. Ureteral stones frequently cause renal colic and if left untreated can cause obstructive uropathy. Objectives A prospective randomized study to compare between extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and rigid ureteroscopy in mid-ureteric stone treatment regarding efficacy, stone-free rate, retreatment rates, associated complications (intra-operative and post-operative), operative duration, hospital stay. Patients and Methods This study was performed at Ain Shams University (Urology department) and El Doaah hospital (Urology department), From August 2016 to August 2017, a total of 50 patients having solitary radiopaque middle ureteral stone ranges between 0.5 – 1.5 in size were divided into two groups 25 patients each enrolled in our prospective study. Results In this study the overall stone free rate was considered after two sessions of ESWL (in case of ESWL group) or one trial of ureteroscopy (in case of URS group). ESWL group: 14 cases became stone free after the first session, while the remaining 11 out of 25 patients needed second session, 6 cases became stone free after the second session. ESWL failure occurred in 5 cases and they were successfully managed by ureteroscopy. URS group: 23 cases became stone free after first ureteroscopy, while the remaining 2 patients needed second ureteroscopy due to proximal migration of the stone. In ESWL group, patients were already at outpatient clinic so there were no admission or hospital stay, all cases done without anesthesia, just analgesic ± sedation. While in URS group patients admitted and the hospital stay varies from one day to seven days according to the condition of the case, all URS cases had Spinal anesthesia. ESWL was shown to be less time consuming than URS with a mean operative time of 46.84±3.61 minutes versus 56.20±7.11 minutes respectively. In URS group there were 22 patients had ureteric catheter inserted for 24 to 72 hours postoperatively and 3 patients had double (J) stent inserted for 4 weeks postoperatively, while all the patients who underwent ESWL, no auxiliary procedure done as this procedure is completely non-invasive. Among ESWL cases, No case had an intra-operative complication, while URS group had 3 cases of intra-operative complication. There were 4 cases who had post-operative complications among ESWL group, while there were 5 cases who had post-operative complications among URS group. Conclusion In treatment of mid-ureteral stones range 0.5-1.5 in size, both URS and ESWL modalities are comparable but URS is recommended as a first option as it is more effective than ESWL regarding stone free rate and it provides immediate stone clearance with lower re-treatment rates and higher patient satisfaction, but URS requires anesthesia, longer hospitalization, and associated with a higher incidence of complications.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211668518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy Aboutaleb ◽  
Mohamed Omar ◽  
Shady Salem ◽  
Mohamed Elshazly

Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of shock wave lithotripsy versus semirigid ureteroscopy in the management of the proximal ureteral stones of diameter exceeding 15 mm. Methods: During the 2009−2014 study period, 147 patients presenting with the proximal ureteral stones exceeding 15 mm in diameter were treated. Both shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy were offered for our patients. A 6/8.9 Fr semirigid ureteroscope was used in conjunction with a holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser. The stone-free rate was assessed at 2 weeks and 3 months post-treatment. All patients were evaluated for stone-free status, operation time, hospital stay, perioperative complications, and auxiliary procedures. Results: Of the 147 patients who took part in this study, 66 (45%) had undergone shock wave lithotripsy and 81 (55%) underwent ureteroscopy. At the 3-month follow-up, the overall stone-free rate in the shock wave lithotripsy group was 39/66 (59%) compared to 70/81 (86.4%) in the ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy group. Ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy achieved a highly significant stone-free rate ( p = 0.0002), and the mean operative time, auxiliary procedures, and postoperative complication rates were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: In terms of the management of proximal ureteral stones exceeding 15 mm in diameter, ureteroscopy achieved a greater stone-free rate and is considered the first-line of management. Shock wave lithotripsy achieved lower stone-free rate, and it could be used in selected cases.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Edmundas Štarolis ◽  
Laimutis Andreika ◽  
Egidijus Gatelis ◽  
Valdemaras Dasevičius ◽  
Darius Šilinis

Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Urologijos skyrius,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija dažniausia yra pirmo pasirinkimo būdas gydant šlapimtakių akmenligę. Mes įvertinome akmenų dilimo ir išsivalymo rezultatus, atsižvelgdami į akmenų padėtį, dydį, hidronefrozės laipsnį, akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiką, inkstų dieglių skausmus. Ligoniai ir metodai Atlikus retrospektyvųjį tyrimą, įvertinti 362 ligonių 371 šlapimtakių akmens šalinimo rezultatai. Nuo 2003 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2004 m. gruodžio 31 d. atliktos 702 gydymo procedūros. Akmenų padėtis ir dydis buvo įvertinami apžvalginės urogramos ar intraveninių urogramų būdu, inkstų diegliai ir akmenų įstrigimo laikas – iš anamnezės ir klinikinių duomenų, hidronefrozės laipsnis – atliekant ultragarsinį inkstų tyrimą ir intravenines urogramas. Skilimo rezultatas įvertintas išrašant ligonį iš stacionaro, likusių fragmentų pasišalinimas – po 3 mėnesių rentgenografijos būdu. Gydymas buvo neveiksmingas, jei rasti likę 4 mm ar didesni fragmentai. Rezultatai Šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenys statistiškai reikšmingai geriau fragmentuojasi ir išsivalo negu vidurinio trečdalio. Lyginant viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenų šalinimo rezultatus, skirtumo nerasta. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos nei fragmentacijos, nei išsivalymo rezultatams. Hidronefrozės laipsnis turėjo įtakos skilimo rezultatams (didesnio hidronefrozės laipsnio naudai), bet lyginant pagal šį požymį išsivalymo rezultatus, statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo nepastebėta. Pagal gydymo baigties priklausomybę nuo akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiko, fragmentacijos rezultatai nesiskyrė, bet išsivalymas statistiškai reikšmingai geresnis, jei akmuo įstrigęs mažiau nei prieš 1 mėn. Dažniausia rezultatai skyrėsi grupių, suskirstytų pagal akmenų dydį: gauta atvirkštinė gydymo rezultatų priklausomybė tiek fragmentacijos, tiek išsivalymo atžvilgiu. Išvados Geriausi gydymo rezultatai gauti šalinant šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio nedidelius (iki 7 mm), neseniai (iki 1 mėn.) įstrigusius akmenis. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos gydymo rezultatams. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija, šlapimtakių akmenligė, gydymas Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment of ureteral stones Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilnius City University Hospital, Department of Urology,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is considered as a first line treatment for the majority of ureteral stones. We investigated fragmentation and stone-free rates, depending of their localization, presence of renal colic, degree of hydronephrosis, the impact time and size of the stones. Patients and methods There is a retrospective study evaluating treatment of 371 ureteral stones for 362 patients in our department since January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004. A total of 702 treatment sessions have been performed. Localization and size of the stones were evaluated by plain X-ray and / or intravenous pyelography. Presence or absence of renal colic, the time of impact were evaluated by anamnesis and clinical features and the degree of hydronephrosis by ultrasound and / or intravenous pyelography. The fragmentation rate has been evaluated before discharging and stone-free rate 3 months later by X-ray. Treatment failure has been considered, if 4 mm or larger fragments were still present. Results Stones in the upper and lower ureter, comparing with those in the middle, had a statistically significantly better fragmentation and stone-free rates. There was no significant difference in the treatment results between the upper and lower ureter stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. The degree of hydronephrosis correlated with fragmentation rate in favour of a higher dilatation group, but not with a stone-free rate. Fragmentation rate did not correlate with the time of impact, but a correlation has been found comparing these two groups by stone-free rate, in favour of the shorter time of impact. The correlation was best comparing the groups according to the size of stones. The smaler stone-size groups demonstrated a statistically significantly better fragmentation as well as higher stone-free rates. Conclusions We found extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment most effective for treating the upper and lower ureter, smaller size (< 7 mm), shorter time of impact (less than 1 month) stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. Keywords: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteral calculi, treatment


1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
F. Merlo ◽  
E. Cicerello ◽  
P. Checchin ◽  
L. Faggiano ◽  
G. Anselmo

— The aim of this work has been to check the frequency and to assess which manoeuvres are necessary in treating the steinstrasse after ESWL. 1779 patients (1360 with renal and 419 with ureteral stones) underwent in-situ ESWL. 68 patients developed a steinstrasse in the immediate 24 hours following treatment. In 85% of the cases (58/68) there was dilation of the urinary tract. In 39 patients the steinstrasse was spontaneously eliminated within 10 days, while in the remaning 29 an auxiliary manoeuvre was necessary. These manoeuvres required further admittance to hospital or prolungation of stay, but created no statistically significant differences in the stone free rate 2 months after treatment (96 and 97% respectively, p< 0.001). Our experience would indicate that the incidence of steinstrasse after ESWL in situ is quite low (3.8%) and the necessity for auxiliary manoeuvres is extremely rare (1.6%).


2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Basri Cakiroglu ◽  
Orhun Sinanoglu ◽  
Tuncay Tas ◽  
Ismet Aydin Hazar ◽  
Mustafa Bahadir Can Balci

Objective: To compare the outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) combined with inclined position and SWL alone in patients with lower pole calyx stones. Methods: Seven hundred forty patients who underwent SWL treatment for lower pole renal stones with a total diameter of 2 cm or less were prospectively randomized into two groups. They were comparable in terms of age, sex, and stone diameters. Patients with lower calyceal stones (4-20 mm) were randomized to SWL (368 patients) or SWL with simultaneous inclination (372 patients) with 30o head down Trendelenburg position). Shock wave and session numbers were standardized according to stone size. Additional standardized shock waves were given to patients with stone fragments determined by kidney urinary bladder film and ultrasound at weeks 1, 4, 10. Results: The overall stone free rate (SFR) was 73% (268/368) in patients with SWL alone and 81% (300/372) in SWL with inclination at the end of 12th week (p = 0.015). No significant adverse events were noted in both treatment groups. Conclusion: Simultaneous inclination of patients during SWL session increase SFR in lower caliceal stones significantly compared to SWL treatment alone.


Urology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Elkoushy ◽  
Jacob A. Hassan ◽  
Douglas D. Morehouse ◽  
Maurice Anidjar ◽  
Sero Andonian

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARALAMBOS DELIVELIOTIS ◽  
VASILIOS ARGIROPOULOS ◽  
JOHN VARKARAKIS ◽  
STEFANOS ALBANIS ◽  
ANDREAS SKOLARIKOS

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document