Immunohistochemical Study of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Cells in the Pituitaries of Anguilliform Leptocephali Captured in the Atlantic Sargasso Sea.

The morphological changes of the pituitary gland of 29 female dogs with spontaneous mammary tumours or dysplasia or both were correlated with basal serum prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophin, thyrotrophin, cortisol, total cholesterol, thyroxine and thyroid binding index as well as with lesions in other endocrine and genital organs. Spontaneous canine mammary tumorigenesis seemed to be associated with increased secretory activity of growth hormone rather than prolactin cells. Depressed secretory activity of follicle stimulating hormone-, luteinizing hormone- and thyrotrophin-producing cells, as well as signs of inhibition of ovarian (anovulation) and thyroid function, were also consistent findings in dogs with mammary tumours. There also was disturbance in pituitary-adrenal function associated with hyperplastic and neoplastic changes of the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex.

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Role of the ovary in the sexual differentiation of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the mouse adenohypophysis: a stereological morphometric study by electron microscopy

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0930117 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 117-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fumihiko Sasaki ◽

Masao Sano

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Adult Female ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Vaginal Opening ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Pituitary Development ◽

Plateau Level ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Male Pattern

The number of prolactin and growth hormone cells was estimated in the mouse anterior pituitary gland. During postnatal development in females, the number of prolactin cells showed a rectilinear increase from about 0·3 × 104 at 20 days of age to about 21 × 104 in adult female mice, while growth hormone cells gradually increased from about 7 × 104 on day 20 to about 20 × 104 on days 60–70, with a plateau level of about 14 × 104 cells around puberty. Prolactin cells were more abundant in adult female (about 21 × 104) than in male (about 5 × 104) mice, while there were fewer growth hormone cells in adult females (about 20 × 104) than in males (about 25 × 104). Ovariectomy before puberty induced the male pattern of pituitary development by inhibition of the increase in the number of prolactin cells and stimulation of that of growth hormone cells. In animals ovariectomized just before puberty (30–35 days of age) or 5 days after vaginal opening (40–45 days of age) the number of prolactin cells showed no further increase after the day of operation. On the other hand, when animals were ovariectomized at 10 days of age, the number of prolactin cells increased to the level found in 30-day-old normal control females. This implies that the increase in prolactin cells between 10 and 30 days of age is not dependent on the ovary, although after puberty the increase does depend on the presence of the ovary.

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Neurotensin and growth hormone-releasing factor-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat: A combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3940(91)90565-b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

pp. 183-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Michio Niimi ◽

Jiro Takahara ◽

Makoto Sato ◽

Koichi Kawanishi

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Median Eminence ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Retrograde Tracing ◽

Growth Hormone Releasing Factor

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Morphological identification of live gonadotropin, growth-hormone, and prolactin cells in goldfish (Carassius auratus) pituitary-cell cultures

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/s004410050088 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 276 (2) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fredrick Van Goor ◽

Jeffrey I. Goldberg ◽

Anderson O.L. Wong ◽

Richard M. Jobin ◽

John P. Chang

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Pituitary Cell ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus

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Corticosteroids Stimulate the Differentiation of Growth Hormone Cells But Suppress That of Prolactin Cells in the Fetal Rat Pituitary.

Archives of Histology and Cytology ◽

10.1679/aohc.61.75 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kazuhisa SATO ◽

Yuichi G. WATANABE

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Fetal Rat ◽

Rat Pituitary

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ROLE OF THE OVARY IN THE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE CELLS IN THE MOUSE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT: A STEREOLOGICAL MORPHOMETRIC STUDY BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0850283 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 283-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. SASAKI ◽

M. SANO

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Cell Population ◽

Sexual Differentiation ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Pituitary Cells ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Pituitary Glands

To clarify the role of the ovary in the sexual differentiation of prolactin and growth hormone cells, the anterior pituitary glands of mice ovariectomized before or after puberty were studied by a stereological morphometric technique with the electron microscope. A marked sex difference was observed in the relative proportions of these two types of cells in normal adult control animals. In male mice about 52% of anterior pituitary cells were growth hormone cells and about 10% were prolactin cells, while in female mice prolactin cells represented about 39% and growth hormone cells about 37% of the anterior pituitary cell population. Ovariectomy before puberty reduced the proportion of prolactin cells to about 10% and increased growth hormone cells to about 50% of the cell population. The size of prolactin cells and the development of their cell organelles was also reduced. Ovariectomy after puberty had less marked effects. These results suggest that ovariectomy before puberty induced the male phenotype by inhibition of the differentiation of prolactin cells and stimulation of the differentiation of growth hormone cells. The significance of these results in relation to the sexual differentiation of the pituitary gland is discussed.

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