Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Thompson ◽  
J. Peterson ◽  
A. Gottlieb ◽  
J. Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Human Amylin

Effects of Pramlintide, an Analog of Human Amylin, on Plasma Glucose Profiles in Patients With IDDM: Results of a Multicenter Trial

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Thomas ◽  
J. Peterson ◽  
A. Gottlieb ◽  
J. Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Human Amylin

scholarly journals Defining the Relationship Between Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: Analysis of glucose profiles and HbA1c in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

Diabetes Care ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Rohlfing ◽  
H.-M. Wiedmeyer ◽  
R. R. Little ◽  
J. D. England ◽  
A. Tennill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Glycemic Profiles of Healthy Individuals with Low Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Nomura ◽  
Tomoyuki Saitoh ◽  
Gwang U. Kim ◽  
Toshikazu Yamanouchi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Glucose Profiles

Scant data exists on glucose profile variability in healthy individuals. Twenty-nine healthy subjects without diabetes (86% male; mean age, 38 years) were measured by a CGM system and under real-life conditions. The median percentage of time spent on the blood glucose >7.8 mmol/L for 24 hrs was greater than 10% in both NFG and IFG groups. When subjects were divided into either NFG group (i.e., FPG levels of <5.6 mmol/L; n=22) or IFG group (FPG levels of 5.6–6.9 mmol/L; n=7), all CGM indicators investigated but GRADE scores, including glucose variability measures, monitoring excursions, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and 24-hour AUC, did not differ significantly between the two groups. GRADE score and its euglycemia% were significantly different between the two groups. Among various CGM indicators, GRADE score may be a sensitive indicator to discriminate glucose profiles between subjects with NFG and those with IFG.

Clinical Predictors of the Need for Further Treatment Escalation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin Therapy – A Retrospective Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 663-671
Author(s):  
Christina Buchholz ◽  
Melanie Kahle-Stephan ◽  
Juris J. Meier ◽  
Michael A. Nauck
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Treatment Intensification ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Glucose Profiles

Abstract Background/Aims The aim of this study was to identify clinical characteristics that distinguish patients who achieve sufficient glycaemic control with basal insulin and oral glucose-lowering medications from those who need treatment intensification. Patients/Methods 213 out of 1 042 consecutively hospitalized type 2-diabetic patients were treated with basal insulin/oral agents. After titration to fasting glucose target, in 156 patients (73.2%) continuation of basal insulin treatment was recommended, while in 57 (26.8%), intensification of treatment was necessary. We compared patients’ characteristics and plasma glucose profiles between these groups. Results Patients needing intensified regimens (basal-bolus regimes, premixed insulin ;GLP-1 receptor agonists) had higher initial HbA1c values (87±17 mmol/mol [10.1±1.7%] vs. 80±19 mmol/mol [9.5±1.9%], p=0.028), were more likely to be female (49.1 vs. 25.0%, p=0.0014) and more obese, and required higher basal insulin doses (62±40 vs. 39±27 IU/d, p<0.0001). In both patient groups, basal insulin reduced fasting plasma glucose into the target range (6.6±1.3 vs. 5.7±0.8 mmol/l), however, in those needing treatment intensification, post-breakfast plasma glucose remained substantially higher after basal insulin titration (12.6±2.0 vs.9.4±1.6 mmol/l, p<0.0001). Before hospital discharge, similar plasma glucose profiles were reached in both groups. Conclusions Basal insulin therapy can provide satisfactory glucose control in more than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes. Long diabetes duration, obesity, insulin resistance and female sex indicate a need for further treatment intensification.

Metabolic responses to intraduodenal glucose loading in insulin-infused diabetic dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. E200-E208
Author(s):  
R. W. Stevenson ◽  
H. Orskov ◽  
J. A. Parsons ◽  
K. G. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Diabetic Dogs ◽  
Intraportal Infusion

The hormonal and metabolic responses to an intraduodenal glucose load (0.5 g/kg) were first determined in eight normal dogs before diabetes (alloxan/streptozotocin) was induced and then comparison made of the responses to the glucose load when normal plasma glucose profiles were recreated by preprogrammed infusion of insulin via the portal or peripheral circulations. Basal intraportal and peripheral insulin infusions at 0.021 +/- 0.001 and 0.022 +/- 0.000 U . kg-1 . h-1, respectively, for 16 h to fasting diabetic dogs normalized peripheral plasma levels of glucose (5.5 +/- 0.3 and 5.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter, respectively), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (11.5 +/- 1.2 and 16.4 +/- 1.6 microU/ml), glucagon (65 +/- 7 and 62 +/- 5 pg/ml), lactate (0.63 +/- 0.04 and 0.54 +/- 0.03 mmol/liter), and alanine (0.236 +/- 0.037 and 0.191 +/- 0.008 mmol/liter). However, peripheral but not intraportal infusion of insulin depressed levels of glycerol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and 3-hydroxybutyrate (0.074 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.109 +/- 0.013, P less than 0.01; 0.67 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.05; and 0.018 +/- 0.004 vs. 0.059 +/- 0.015 mmol/liter, P less than 0.01, respectively). With the preprogrammed insulin infusions used to normalize plasma glucose profiles to the intraduodenal glucose load, all hormonal and metabolic responses were normalized during intraportal infusion (IRI, 72.5 +/- 4.2 microU/ml; glucagon, 66 +/- 10 pg/ml; lactate, 1.06 +/- 0.10 mmol/liter; alanine, 0.251 +/- 0.042 mmol/liter; glycerol, 0.043 +/- 0.013 mmol/liter; NEFA, 0.24 +/- 0.03 mmol/liter; and 3-hydroxybutyrate, 0.012 +/- 0.007 mmol/liter) but marked hyperinsulinemia (103.2 +/- 6.1 microU/ml) and depressed glycerol, NEFA, and 3-hydroxybutyrate responses at 2 h (0.056 +/- 0.005, 0.52 +/- 0.10, and 0.019 +/- 0.010 mmol/liter, respectively) resulted during peripheral infusion. Therefore, only the portal route of insulin infusion achieved complete metabolic normalization during glucose loading in diabetic dogs.

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