cataract formation
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Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 374 (6573) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Gulluni ◽  
Lorenzo Prever ◽  
Huayi Li ◽  
Petra Krafcikova ◽  
Ilaria Corrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1720
Author(s):  
Albanderi Alhamzah ◽  
◽  
Fahad Alfardan ◽  
Tariq Aldebasi ◽  
Tariq Almudhaiyan ◽  
...  

AIM: To evaluate the causes of phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) exchange/explantation in patients with and without keratoconus (KC) at two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent ICL (model V4c with central port) exchange/explantation was performed using the electronic medical record systems. All available preoperative and postoperative data were documented for each patient. RESULTS: Over 7y, 2283 ICL implantation procedures were performed; 46 implants (2%) required exchange (21 implants)/explantation (25 implants), of which 14 cases (30.4%) were patients with KC. Indications for ICL exchange/explantation in non-KC group were vault measurement, cataract formation, increased intraocular pressure, inaccurate refraction, and patient dissatisfaction in 22 (68.75%), 4 (12.5%), 3 (9.37%), 2 (6.25%), and 1 (3.12%) case, respectively. The most common indication for ICL exchange/explantation in the KC group was inaccurate vault sizing in 11 patients (78.57%), inaccurate refraction in 2 patients (14.28%), and patient dissatisfaction postoperatively in 1 (7.14%) case. CONCLUSION: ICL implantation results in predictable refractive outcomes over the long term with exchange/explantation rates comparable to previous literature. Improper vault size is the most common cause of ICL exchange/explantation among patients with or without KC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yuxing Li ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Yonghong He ◽  
Tian Guan

Purpose: The aims of the study were to investigate cellular mechanisms of cold cataract in young lenses of wild-type C57BL/6J (B6WT) mice treated at different temperatures and to test a hypothesis that cold cataract formation is associated with the changes in lens protein and water distribution at different regions across lens fiber cells by Raman spectroscopy (RS).Methods: RS was utilized to scan the mouse lens at different regions with/without cold cataract. Three regions with various opacification along the equatorial axis in the anterior–posterior lens section were scanned. The intensity ratio of Raman bands at 2,935 and 3,390 cm−1 (Ip/Iw) were used to evaluate lens protein and water distribution. We further determined water molecular changes through Gaussian profiles of water Raman spectra.Results: Three specific regions 1, 2, and 3, located at 790–809, 515–534, and 415–434 μm away from the lens center, of postnatal day 14 B6WT lenses, were subjected to RS analysis. At 37°C, all three regions were transparent. At 25°C, only region 3 became opaque, while at 4°C, both regions 2 and 3 showed opacity. The sum of the difference between Ip/Iw and the value of linear fitting line from scattered-line at each scanning point was considered as fluctuation degree (FD) in each region. Among different temperatures, opaque regions showed relatively higher FD values (0.63 and 0.79 for regions 2 and 3, respectively, at 4°C, and 0.53 for region 3 at 25°C), while transparent regions provided lower FD values (less than 0.27). In addition, the decrease in Gaussian peak II and the rising of Gaussian peak III and IV from water Raman spectra indicated the instability of water molecule structure in the regions with cold cataract.Conclusion: Fluctuation degrees of RS data reveal new mechanistic information about cold cataract formation, which is associated with uneven distribution of lens proteins and water across lens fiber cells. It is possible that RS data partly reveals cold temperature-induced redistribution of lens proteins such as intermediate filaments in inner fiber cells. This lens protein redistribution might be related to unstable structure of water molecules according to Gaussian profiles of water RS.


Author(s):  
Farhat Jahan ◽  
Sunita Mishra

Spirulina is a nature’s present as extremely good meals to mankind. It is a photosynthetic filamentous microalga which has emerged as a amazing meals complement because of its wealthy micro- and macronutrient contents. The frame of Spirulina is smooth and with vulnerable mobileular wall that makes it effortlessly digestible. It is a precious supply of proteins, vitamins, minerals, β-carotene, fatty acids, etc. which makes it best as meals and fodder. NASA has said that the dietary cost of one thousand kg of fruits and veggies equals to at least one kg of Spirulina. In 1992 WHO has declared Spirulina as “Best meals for future” to redress malnutrition specifically in children. Apart from being a meals complement, Spirulina has won sizeable reputation and paramount significance because of the presence of sure pigments and secondary metabolites. It suggests pharmacognosic homes like immuno-protective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-obesity, etc. it's far the maximum nutritionally concentrated compact entire meals recognized which owe a capacity to significantly lower the probabilities of growing cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke or of contracting a lifethreatening virus along with HIV and save you eyes from cataract formation. In the present study, spirulina enriched food dhokla (SBDF) was developed. SBDF accept overall acceptability by panelist such as color and appearance, aroma/odour, flavor and taste, body and texture. SBDF showed good amount of protein (10.48%), and iron (30.48%) as compared to control. Afterward, the developed SDFB exhibited good amount of antioxidants content (38.62%) and moisture conent (14.56%), respectively. SBDF can be most attractive and nutritious food for every people due to rich source of protein and iron. This novel food can solve diseases/problems related with protein and iron deficiency.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L. Chang ◽  
David K. Emmel ◽  
Christopher C. Teng ◽  
Soshian Sarrafpour ◽  
Ji Liu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Swain ◽  
Souvik Nandi ◽  
Rudra Narayan Sahoo ◽  
Sujata Mohapatra ◽  
Subrata Mallick

Abstract Carrageenan induced oxidative stress develops retinal damage and increases lipid peroxidation. Glycation of the lens proteins increases modified proteins and may affect the lens structural integrity and opacification, after increasing glucose concentration in the lens. Trimetazidine (TZ) has been reported to have cytoprotective anti-ischaemic activity after systemic administration in an animal model. Trimetazidine ophthalmic film formulation has been prepared using HPMC as the hydrogel-forming polymer. The cytoprotective role of trimetazidine has been studied on carrageenan-induced retinal damage of rat eye by histologicaland Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay applying sterilized film formulation. Trimetazidine solution was used in combination with a high concentration of glucose solution (55 mM) for examining the protective effect from cataract formation. Formulation showed controlled and extended ophthalmic permeation of the drug for about 5 h. Damage of retinal cells in the ganglionic layer has been decreased significantly in the trimetazidinetreated group. Drug treated control group also showed significant disappearance of pyknotic cells. The addition of trimetazidine to the glucose medium practically retarded the lens opacification by reducing the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in increased sugar concentration. Presence of trimetazidine probably decreased the drop of protein level in lens under stressed condition and greater preventive effect has been noticed with TZ concentration of 240 µg/ml rather than 120 µg/ml. Trimetazidine ophthalmic film formulation could prevent retinal damage and cataract formation.


Author(s):  
Yuanchang Fang ◽  
Joshua Emerman ◽  
Victor Chan ◽  
Kevin Stiller ◽  
Colin Brauner ◽  
...  

There is an increasing interest in defining optimal conditions to rear salmon to market size in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Salinity however, as a parameter that can be potentially manipulated, has been poorly studied. To address this knowledge gap, we reared coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum, 1792) and Atlantic (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) salmon from smolt to market size over ~460 days at five different salinities (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt) and examined their growth performance. We found that both species reared at intermediate salinities (5-10 ppt) started to show significantly larger body mass than fish reared either in freshwater or full-strength seawater at around day 250-300. These growth-enhancing effects were maintained until day 460. The higher growth in Atlantic salmon at intermediate salinities was associated with reduced economic feed conversion ratio, but this was not observed in coho salmon. The all-female coho salmon showed no incidence of sexual maturation and negligible cataract formation, while the mixed-sex Atlantic salmon showed high levels of sexual maturation (up to 50%) and presence of cataracts (up to 60%). Our results indicate that all-female coho salmon may be better suited to RAS than Atlantic salmon in some aspects. However, in both species, long-term rearing at intermediate salinities improves growth in RAS.


Author(s):  
Farah A. Mahdi ◽  
Munaf H. Zalzala

         Cataract, which is the opacity inside clear ocular lens of eye, result in the scattering of visible light as it passes via the lens and consequently deterioration in optical image. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether safranal, an active constituent of Crocus sativus L. stigmas, has a protective effect on the cataract in the rat's pups. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, each of which consisted of 7 rat pups. Group I served as normal control (vehicle administration). For testing cataract induction, animals of Groups II, III, and IV were administered a single subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite on postpartum day 12. After sodium selenite intoxication, Group II served as control selenite, Groups III-IV received intraperitoneal safranal at doses of 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively from the 11th day through the 17th day, while group V receive only safranal (300 mg/kg). On postpartum day 30, the rat pups were examined for cataract formation, and the lenses were isolated for further analysis. This study found that selenite caused significant (p < 0.05) cataract formation. Through the effects of selenite on the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) which was upregulated. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes levels GSH levels and NRF2 protein were downregulated. In contrast, treatment with safranal could significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorate cataract formation and oxidative damage in the lens. Moreover, safranl administration significantly increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and the GSH level, in addition to reducing the level both the MDA and the level soluble proteins in the lens. Taken together, safranal is a prospective anti-cataract agent that probably delays the onset and progression of cataracts induced by sodium selenite.


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