Left ventricular concentric remodeling and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Background Increases in heart rate are thought to result in incomplete left ventricular (LV) relaxation and elevated filling pressures in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Experimental studies in isolated human myocardium have suggested that incomplete relaxation is a result of cellular Ca 2+ overload caused by increased myocardial Na + levels. We tested these heart rate paradigms in patients with HFpEF and referent controls without hypertension. Methods and Results In 22 fully sedated and instrumented patients (12 controls and 10 patients with HFpEF) in sinus rhythm with a preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) we assessed left‐sided filling pressures and volumes in sinus rhythm and with atrial pacing (95 beats per minute and 125 beats per minute) before atrial fibrillation ablation. Coronary sinus blood samples and flow measurements were also obtained. Seven women and 15 men were studied (aged 59±10 years, ejection fraction 61%±4%). Patients with HFpEF had a history of hypertension, dyspnea on exertion, concentric LV remodeling and a dilated left atrium, whereas controls did not. Pacing at 125 beats per minute lowered the mean LV end‐diastolic pressure in both groups (controls −4.3±4.1 mm Hg versus patients with HFpEF −8.5±6.0 mm Hg, P =0.08). Pacing also reduced LV end‐diastolic volumes. The volume loss was about twice as much in the HFpEF group (controls −15%±14% versus patients with HFpEF −32%±11%, P =0.009). Coronary venous [Ca 2+ ] increased after pacing at 125 beats per minute in patients with HFpEF but not in controls. [Na + ] did not change. Conclusions Higher resting heart rates are associated with lower filling pressures in patients with and without HFpEF. Incomplete relaxation and LV filling at high heart rates lead to a reduction in LV volumes that is more pronounced in patients with HFpEF and may be associated with myocardial Ca 2+ retention.

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Time of eating and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hayley E. Billingsley ◽

Dave L. Dixon ◽

Justin M. Canada ◽

Danielle L. Kirkman ◽

Brando Rotelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Patients With Heart Failure

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Heterogeneous responses of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function to exercise in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

ESC Heart Failure ◽

10.1002/ehf2.12049 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mario Kasner ◽

David Sinning ◽

Jil Lober ◽

Heiner Post ◽

Alan G. Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Left Ventricular Function ◽

Ventricular Function ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Diastolic Left Ventricular Function

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Abstract 17311: Ventricular Arrhythmias and Fibrosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Natasha Cuk ◽

Jae H Cho ◽

Donghee Han ◽

Joseph E Ebinger ◽

Eugenio Cingolani

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cardiac Mri ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Ventricular Fibrosis

Introduction: Sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias (VA) is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Ventricular fibrosis in HFpEF has been suspected as a substrate of VA, but the degree of fibrosis has not been well characterized. Hypothesis: HFpEF patients with increased degree of fibrosis will manifest more VA. Methods: Cedars-Sinai medical records were probed using Deep 6 artificial intelligence data extraction software to identify patients with HFpEF who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI of identified patients were reviewed to measure extra-cellular volume (ECV) and degree of fibrosis. Ambulatory ECG monitoring (Ziopatch) of those patients were also reviewed to study the prevalence of arrhythmias. Results: A total of 12 HFpEF patients who underwent cardiac MRI were identified. Patients were elderly (mean age 70.3 ± 7.1), predominantly female (83%), and overweight (mean BMI 32 ± 9). Comorbidities included hypertension (83%), dyslipidemia (75%), and coronary artery disease (67%). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiogram was 63 ± 8.7%. QTc as measured on ECG was not significantly prolonged (432 ± 15 ms). ECV was normal in those patients for whom it was available (24.2 ± 3.1, n = 9) with 3/12 patients (25%) demonstrating ventricular fibrosis by MRI (average burden of 9.6 ± 5.9%). Ziopatch was obtained in 8/12 patients (including all 3 patients with fibrosis) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was identified in 5/8 (62.5%). One patient with NSVT and without fibrosis on MRI also had a sustained VA recorded. In those patients who had Ziopatch monitoring, there was no association between presence of fibrosis and NSVT (X2 = 0.035, p = 0.85). Conclusions: Ventricular fibrosis was present in 25% of HFpEF patients in this study and NSVT was observed in 62.5% of those patients with HFpEF who had Ziopatch monitoring. The presence of fibrosis by Cardiac MRI was not associated with NSVT in this study; however, the size of the cohort precludes broadly generalizable conclusions about this association. Further investigation is required to better understand the relationship between ventricular fibrosis by MRI and VA in patients with HFpEF.

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Abstract 13497: Prognostic Value of the Combination of the Echocardiographic Derived Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure and Body Mass Index in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From PURSUIT-HFpEF Registry

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Kumpei Ueda ◽

Shungo Hikoso ◽

Daisaku D Nakatani ◽

Shunsuke Tamaki ◽

Masamichi Yano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Wedge Pressure

Background: An elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), a surrogate of left ventricular filling pressure, is associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). In addition, obesity paradox is well recognized in HF patients and body mass index (BMI) also provides a prognostic information. However, there is little information available on the prognostic value of the combination of the echocardiographic derived PAWP and BMI in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and Results: Patients data were extracted from The Prospective mUlticenteR obServational stUdy of patIenTs with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (PURSUIT HFpEF) study, which is a prospective multicenter observational registry for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients with HFpEF. We analyzed 548 patients after exclusion of patients undergoing hemodialysis, patients with in-hospital death, missing follow-up data, or missing data to calculate PAWP or BMI. Body weight measurement and echocardiography were performed just before discharge. PAWP was calculated using the Nagueh formula [PAWP = 1.24* (E/e’) + 1.9] with e’ = [(e’ septal + e’ lateral ) /2]. During a mean follow up period of 1.5±0.8 years, 86 patients had all-cause death (ACD). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that both PAWP (p=0.020) and BMI (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with ACD, independently of age and previous history of HF hospitalization, after the adjustment with gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in the risk of ACD when patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the median values of PAWP (17.3) and BMI (21.4). Conclusions: The combination of the echocardiographic derived PAWP and BMI might be useful for stratifying ADHF patients with HFpEF at risk for the total mortality.

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