A general view on virulence determinants and infection strategies of Yersinia enterocolitica

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Bozcal
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
General View ◽  
Virulence Determinants

Detection of chromosomal and plasmid — encoded virulence determinants in Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersiniaspp. isolated from food animals in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nektaria Kechagia ◽  
Chryssoula Nicolaou ◽  
Vasiliki Ioannidou ◽  
Erieta Kourti ◽  
Anastassios Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Food Animals

scholarly journals Role of Yops and Adhesins in Resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica to Phagocytosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4165-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Grosdent ◽  
Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini ◽  
Marie-Paule Sory ◽  
Guy R. Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
J774 Cells ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is a pathogen endowed with two adhesins, Inv and YadA, and with the Ysc type III secretion system, which allows extracellular adherent bacteria to inject Yop effectors into the cytosol of animal target cells. We tested the influence of all of these virulence determinants on opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis by PU5-1.8 and J774 mouse macrophages, as well as by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The adhesins contributed to phagocytosis in the absence of opsonins but not in the presence of opsonins. In agreement with previous results, YadA counteracted opsonization. In every instance, the Ysc-Yop system conferred a significant level of resistance to phagocytosis. Nonopsonized single-mutant bacteria lacking either YopE, -H, -T, or -O were phagocytosed significantly more by J774 cells and by PMNs. Opsonized bacteria were phagocytosed more than nonopsonized bacteria, and mutant bacteria lacking either YopH, -T, or -O were phagocytosed significantly more by J774 cells and by PMNs than were wild-type (WT) bacteria. Opsonized mutants lacking only YopE were phagocytosed significantly more than were WT bacteria by PMNs but not by J774 cells. Thus, YopH, -T, and -O were involved in all of the phagocytic processes studied here but YopE did not play a clear role in guarding against opsonic phagocytosis by J774. Mutants lacking YopP and YopM were, in every instance, as resistant as WT bacteria. Overexpression of YopE, -H, -T, or -O alone did not confer resistance to phagocytosis, although it affected the cytoskeleton. These results show that YopH, YopT, YopO, and, in some instances, YopE act synergistically to increase the resistance of Y. enterocolitica to phagocytosis by macrophages and PMNs.

scholarly journals Human and Animal Isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica Show Significant Serotype-Specific Colonization and Host-Specific Immune Defense Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4013-4025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schaake ◽  
Malte Kronshage ◽  
Frank Uliczka ◽  
Manfred Rohde ◽  
Tobias Knuuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Serotype O

ABSTRACTYersinia enterocoliticais a human pathogen that is ubiquitous in livestock, especially pigs. The bacteria are able to colonize the intestinal tract of a variety of mammalian hosts, but the severity of induced gut-associated diseases (yersiniosis) differs significantly between hosts. To gain more information about the individual virulence determinants that contribute to colonization and induction of immune responses in different hosts, we analyzed and compared the interactions of different human- and animal-derived isolates of serotypes O:3, O:5,27, O:8, and O:9 with murine, porcine, and human intestinal cells and macrophages. The examined strains exhibited significant serotype-specific cell binding and entry characteristics, but adhesion and uptake into different host cells were not host specific and were independent of the source of the isolate. In contrast, survival and replication within macrophages and the induced proinflammatory response differed between murine, porcine, and human macrophages, suggesting a host-specific immune response. In fact, similar levels of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) were secreted by murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with all tested isolates, but the equivalent interleukin-8 (IL-8) response of porcine bone marrow-derived macrophages was strongly serotype specific and considerably lower in O:3 than in O:8 strains. In addition, all testedY. enterocoliticastrains caused a considerably higher level of secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by porcine than by murine macrophages. This could contribute to limiting the severity of the infection (in particular of serotype O:3 strains) in pigs, which are the primary reservoir ofY. enterocoliticastrains pathogenic to humans.

scholarly journals Identification of Virulence-Associated Characteristics in Clinical Isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica Lacking Classical Virulence Markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Grant ◽  
Vicki Bennett-Wood ◽  
Roy M. Robins-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Culture Cells

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is an important enteric pathogen which has well-defined virulence determinants that allow the bacteria to become established in their hosts and overcome host defenses. A number of strains obtained from patients with diarrhea, however, lack these genes. Accordingly, the mechanisms by which they cause disease are uncertain. Most of these isolates belong to biotype 1A. Strains of this biotype are also frequently isolated from a variety of nonclinical sources, such as food, soil, water, and healthy animals, and there is evidence that some of these strains are avirulent. In this study we investigated 111 strains of Y. enterocoliticabiotype 1A, 79 from symptomatic humans and 32 from nonclinical sources, for virulence-associated characteristics. DNA hybridization studies showed that none of the strains carried sequences homologous with pYV, the ∼70-kb Yersinia virulence plasmid. Some strains hybridized with DNA probes for one of the following chromosomal virulence-associated genes: ail (7.2%), myfA(11.7%), ystA (0.9%), and ystB (85%). In addition, 33 strains (29.7%) produced an enterotoxin that was reactive in infant mice. However, the frequencies of these virulence-associated properties in clinical and nonclinical isolates were similar. Clinical isolates invaded HEp-2 cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells to a significantly greater extent than nonclinical strains (P ≤ 0.002). In addition, clinical strains colonized the intestinal tracts of perorally inoculated mice for significantly longer periods than nonclinical isolates (P ≤ 0.01). Light and electron microscopic examination of tissue culture cells incubated with invasive yersiniae revealed that the bacteria invaded selected cells in large numbers but spared others, suggesting that biotype-1A strains of Y. enterocolitica may invade cells by a novel mechanism. These results indicate that some clinical isolates of Y. enterocolitica which lack classical virulence markers may be able to cause disease via virulence mechanisms which differ from those previously characterized in enteropathogenic Yersiniaspecies.

scholarly journals Evidence of Extensive Circulation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Rodents and Shrews in Natural Habitats from Retrospective and Perspective Studies in South Caucasus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Tata Imnadze ◽  
Lile Malania ◽  
Neli Chakvetadze ◽  
Irma Burjanadze ◽  
Natalia Abazashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Culture Positive

Yersinia enterocolitica culture-positive rodents and shrews were reported in different territories across Georgia during 14 of 17 years of investigations conducted for the period of 1981–1997. In total, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 2052 rodents (15 species) and 33 shrews. Most isolates were obtained from Microtus arvalis, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus spp. During the prospective study (2017−2019), isolates of Yersinia-like bacteria were cultured from 53 rodents collected in four parts of Georgia. All the Yersinia-like isolates were confirmed as Y. enterocolitica based on the API 20E and the BD Phenix50 tests. Whole-genome (WG) sequencing of five rodents and one shrew strain of Y. enterocolitica revealed that they possessed a set of virulence genes characteristic of the potentially pathogenic strains of biogroup 1A. All isolates lacked distinguished virulence determinants for YstA, Ail, TccC, VirF, and virulence plasmid pYV but carried the genes for YstB, YmoA, HemPR-HmuVSTU, YaxAB, PhlA, PldA, ArsCBR, and a flagellar apparatus. One strain contained a gene highly homologous to heat-labile enterotoxin, a chain of E. coli, a function not previously described for Y. enterocolitica. The WG single-nucleotide polymorphism-based typing placed the isolates in four distinct phylogenetic clusters.

scholarly journals Homologues of Insecticidal Toxin Complex Genes in Yersinia enterocolitica Biotype 1A and Their Contribution to Virulence

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 6860-6867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Tennant ◽  
Narelle A. Skinner ◽  
Angela Joe ◽  
Roy M. Robins-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽  
Insecticidal Toxin ◽  
Toxin Complex

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is an enteric pathogen that consists of six biotypes: 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Strains of the latter five biotypes can carry a virulence plasmid, known as pYV, and several well-characterized chromosomally encoded virulence determinants. Y. enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A lack the virulence-associated markers of pYV-bearing strains and were once considered to be avirulent. There is growing epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence, however, to suggest that some biotype 1A strains are virulent and can cause gastrointestinal disease. To identify potential virulence genes of pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, we used genomic subtractive hybridization to determine genetic differences between two biotype 1A strains: an environmental isolate, Y. enterocolitica IP2222, and a clinical isolate, Y. enterocolitica T83. Among the Y. enterocolitica T83-specific genes we identified were three, tcbA, tcaC, and tccC, that showed homology to the insecticidal toxin complex (TC) genes first discovered in Photorhabdus luminescens. The Y. enterocolitica T83 TC gene homologues were expressed by Y. enterocolitica T83 and were significantly more prevalent among clinical biotype 1A strains than other Yersinia isolates. Inactivation of the TC genes in Y. enterocolitica T83 resulted in mutants which were attenuated in the ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of perorally infected mice. These results indicate that products of the TC gene complex contribute to the virulence of some strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, possibly by facilitating their persistence in vivo.

scholarly journals Identification of additional virulence determinants on the pYV plasmid of Yersinia enterocolitica W227.

1989 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 2534-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Mulder ◽  
T Michiels ◽  
M Simonet ◽  
M P Sory ◽  
G Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Determinants
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