scholarly journals 前言：疫情防控中的倫理學思考及其他

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ellen Y. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Francis Fukuyama

自2019年年底，新冠肺炎(COVID-19)席捲全球，徹底顛覆人們原有的生活秩序，公眾健康遭受嚴重威脅。面對疫情，除了科學（包括醫學）領域的挑戰，還有人文學科，尤其是醫學和生命倫理學上的挑戰。我們看一個國家能否有效應對疫情，除了美國政治學大師福山(Francis Fukuyama)所説的國家能力(state capacity)、社會信任(social trust)和領導水平(political leadership)這三大要素之外，一個社會的價值取向和倫理思考也是不能忽視的重要環節。本期刊中有四篇文章就尚未結束的疫情，探討疫情防控和公共衛生管理上的倫理問題，其中包括對現代西方倫理學、中國傳統倫理學和基督教倫理的探討。另外兩篇文章不直接涉及疫情，是從其他角度論述倫理議題。

scholarly journals 疫情與倫理價值——兼評范瑞平教授的＜大疫當前: 訴諸儒家文明的倫理資源＞

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Chenyang LI
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
High Level

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.While largely agreeing with Ruiping Fan, Chenyang Li makes three points regarding the handling of COVID-19. First, in addition to state capacity, social trust, and leadership, as identified by Francis Fukuyama, factors responsible for successful pandemic responses include the value of individual freedom upheld by citizens. A high level of individual freedom can make it difficult to implement strict measures even when they are objectively necessary. Second, a strong state can be effective in handling a pandemic, but without checks and balances it also runs the risk of leading a country into a major catastrophe. Third, Confucian ethics and other ethics can aid in coping with the pandemic. However, their efficacy is not unlimited, and ultimately, human survival overrides other concerns.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 8 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

1. The Relevance of Comparative Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Comparative Political Science ◽  
Control Of Corruption

This chapter explains what comparative politics could be relevant for, such as informing the public debate and giving policy advice. It argues that comparative politics has a huge but sometimes underdeveloped potential for being relevant for the various aspects of human well-being, economic prosperity, and social justice that most people care deeply about. Empirical research shows that the manner in which a country’s political institutions are designed and the quality of the operations of these institutions have a strong impact on measures of population health, as well as subjective well-being and general social trust. One result is that democratization without increased state capacity and control of corruption is not likely to deliver increased human well-being. The chapter also considers whether democracy generates political legitimacy, and concludes by suggesting that comparative political science has so far paid relatively little attention to issues of state capacity, control of corruption, and institutional quality.

Proinkluzyjne walory kapitału społecznego osób z niepełnosprawnością

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4 (254) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Jarosław Bąbka
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
The Disabled

People with disabilities form a group which is threatened by social exclusion. Social sciences are becoming more and more concerned about social capital issues in terms of creating programmes for social inclusion of various marginalised groups. The paper discusses selected concepts of social capital according to James Coleman, Nan Lin, Francis Fukuyama and Robert D. Putnam. The author of the paper has made a comparative analysis of the results of various authors’ research on the social capital of the non-disabled (fully-fit) and the disabled in terms of: (1) social networks, (2) social trust, (3) compliance with social rules, social exchange and cooperation, (4) communication skills and (5) feeling of physical and mental health. The paper presents argumentation on a macrosystem, mesocosm and microsystem level justifying the need to use social capital as a theoretical support for creating social inclusion network in relation to the disabled. The issue is to leave a charity and paternal model applied in the activities for persons with disabilities and to follow the model of inclusion and participation. The discussion is supplemented by a description of challenges that special education is facing in terms of further research work on social capital.

scholarly journals Nigerian Pentecostalism, Alternative State, and the Question of Accountability

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson Ohihon Igboin
Keyword(s):  
State Capacity ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Alternative State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Levels

The debate on the status of the Nigerian state has been controversial, but it portends more towards a failing state, because it has low to very low levels of state capacity. Most state institutions do not have the capacity to inspire socio-economic confidence in the citizenry. Coupled with prevailing insecurity and the inability of the state to address it, many people find an alternative source of hope and confidence within Christianity, and particularly an African Pentecostal state-like formation that makes its leadership a multinational and cross-regional political leadership of a sort. While the political leadership of the failing state would be examined as the main cause for thriving Pentecostalism, there remains the question of accountability on both sides of the spectrum; especially as both concern the same citizenship, whom I will argue are cheated both ways, and yet somehow hold ambivalent attitudes towards accountability. Since there is little attention devoted to demand for accountability at both state and alternative state levels, this paper will do a contrastive analysis of both leaderships and show that the issue of accountability remains unresolved at both ends.

1. The Relevance of Comparative Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Comparative Political Science ◽  
Control Of Corruption

This chapter explains what comparative politics could be relevant for, such as informing the public debate and giving policy advice. It argues that comparative politics has a huge but sometimes underdeveloped potential for being relevant for the various aspects of human well-being, economic prosperity, and social justice that most people care deeply about. Empirical research shows that the manner in which a country's political institutions are designed and the quality of the operations of these institutions have a strong impact on measures of population health as well as subjective well-being and general social trust. One result is that democratization without increased state capacity and control of corruption is not likely to deliver increased human well-being. The chapter also considers whether democracy generates political legitimacy and concludes by suggesting that comparative political science has so far paid relatively little attention to issues about state capacity, control of corruption, and institutional quality.

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