scholarly journals The Dynamic Link Between Financial Development, Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-206
Author(s):  
Mekuanent Tesega ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important source of external financing and an important factor for the economic development of a country. FDI is highly important especially for developing countries as it brings modern technologies and management skills in addition to narrowing the financial gaps. In this sense the knowledge of what determines FDI will have a tremendous significance. With the objective of empirically determining the long-run and short-run relationships between financial development, trade openness and FDI inflows in Ethiopia this study employed the ARDL model. The findings indicated that private sector credit, M2 and trade openness have a positive and significant influence on FDI inflows in the long-run while M2, and trade openness has a positive and significant influence on FDI in the short-run too. Current period private sector credit had no impact on FDI while the one period lag of it has a positive significant effect on FDI. Likewise, the causality test results disclose the presence of bi-directional causal relationships between private sector credit and FDI, and between M2 and trade openness. Furthermore, the findings indicate a one direction Granger cause from M2 to FDI. Policy makers are advised to consider trade openness and financial development measures in their quest for more FDI inflow. Keywords: FDI, trade openness, financial development, ARDL, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Causal Links between Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malsha Mayoshi Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage ◽  
Gheorghe Epuran ◽  
Bianca Tescașiu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run

In this increasingly globalized era, foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the most important sources of external financing for all countries. This paper investigates the causal relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Romania during the period 1997–2019. Throughout this study, Trade Openness is the main independent variable, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Effective Exchange Rate (EXR), Inflation (INF), and Education (EDU) act as control variables for investigating the relationships between trade openness (TOP) and FDI inflow in Romania. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test procedure was adopted to achieve the above-mentioned objective. Trade openness has negative and statistically significant long-run and short-run relationships with FDI inflows in Romania throughout the period. Trade openness negatively affects the FDI inflow, which suggest that the higher the level of openness is, the less likely it is that FDI will be attracted in the long run. The result of the Granger causality test indicated that Romania has a unidirectional relationship between trade openness and FDI. It also showed that the direction of causality ran from FDI to trade openness.

An Empirical Investigation of India’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Macro Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Dikshita Kakoti
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate

Since 1990, globalization of Indian economy led to a speedy growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and simultaneously outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) also shows an increasing trend. However, India’s OFDI has attracted a little attention from the researchers and they have considered the OFDI in terms of commitments or approved equities. The motivation of this article is to investigate the India’s macro factors influencing actual OFDI flows from India by empirically recognizing four factors, namely gross domestic product, inward FDI, real effective exchange rate, and real interest rate over the period 1980–2016. The study has used Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) Unit root tests for checking the stationarity of the variable of the model. Later on, autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model and error correction mechanism is used for testing the long-run as well as short-run dynamics of the model. The result shows that all the selected variables have positive and significant influence on India’s outward investment flows.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Economic Growth Evidence from Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Mohammed Ziaur Rehman ◽  
Nasir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Integration Test

This study is an effort to explain and establish a relationship among foreign direct investment, financial development and economic growth in Saudi Arabian context for the period of 1970 to 2015 by employing Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and modified Granger Casualty Models. The result of Johansen co-integration test illustrates that no long run co-integration can be established among the variables. VAR has established a link between economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment. The Granger causality test also confirms that economic growth causes foreign direct investment and financial development which is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth towards foreign direct investment and financial development. No significant causality can be observed empirically between foreign direct investment and financial development. This feature can be attributed to the fact that Saudi Arabian economy is still heavily dependent on its oil resources which is the driving force behind growth. Impulse Response Function has been utilized in order to observe the response to the shocks among the variables.

scholarly journals Dynamic Causal Relationships among GDP, Exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mehrara ◽  
Amin Haghnejad ◽  
Jalal Dehnavi ◽  
Fereshteh Jandaghi Meybodi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

Using panel techniques, this paper estimates the causality among economic growth, exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows for developing countries over the period of 1980 to 2008. The study indicates that; firstly, there is strong evidence of bidirectional causality between economic growth and FDI inflows. Secondly, the exports-led growth hypothesis is supported by the finding of unidirectional causality running from exports to economic growth in both the short-run and the long-run. Thirdly, export is not Granger caused by economic growth and FDI inflow in either the short run or the long run. On the basis of the obtained results, it is recommended that outward-oriented strategies and policies of attracting FDI be pursued by developing countries to achieve higher rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the countries can increase FDI inflows by stimulating their economic growth.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment, External Debt, and Balance of Payment: A Causality Analysis for Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahmud Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Short Run

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causal relationship of external debt and balance of payment with foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh for the period of 1980 to 2017 through the application of Johansen Cointegration technique, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger Causality approach. Results of cointegration and VECM indicate a significant long-run relationship between dependent (FDI) and independent variables (external debt and balance of payment). External debt is found to have a significant negative impact on FDI in the long-run, but it is found insignificant in the short-run. In contrast, the balance of payment has a significant positive effect on FDI both in the long-run and short-run. Results of the Granger causality test reveal that there exists bidirectional short-run causality between the balance of payment and FDI; that is, both the balance of payment and FDI affect each other. But no unidirectional or bidirectional short-run causality is found between external debt and FDI. Keywords: FDI, external debt, balance of payment, cointegration, VECM, causality

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Components in Context of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram Gilal ◽  
Khadim Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ajmair ◽  
Sabahat Akram
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Investment Liberalization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on trade components (exports and imports) of Pakistan using annual data from 1975 to 2013. Engle and Granger two step cointegration method was used for conducting the analysis. This method was adopted because all the variables of interest were non stationary in level and stationary at first difference. Results provide evidence of long run cointegrating relationship as well as short run relationship between FDI and trade components. A rise in FDI causes both exports and imports to increase. Based on these empirical findings, we strongly recommend Government of Pakistan to focus on the strategy of investment liberalization as well as trade openness.

scholarly journals How Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economy of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1641-1653
Author(s):  
Noreen Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Growth Of Economy

This study is intended to find out how and to what extent FDI and trade openness affect the growth of economy in Pakistan for time span 1980-2018. To examine influence of FDI and trade openness, GDP was used by way of dependent variable whereas FDI, trade openness, exchange rate, and inflation are also taken as independent variables. The ARDL technique is employed in following study to estimate short-run and long-run results. This study concludes that TO have a positive momentous influence on GDP in both long and short run. While Foreign Direct Investment has an optimistic but irrelevant influence on GDP in Pakistan which demonstrates that TO has a more progressive influence on GDP of Pakistan than FDI. Other variables labor force and inflation harm economic growth while the exchange rate affects GDP positively. It is suggested by the study to enhance economic growth, govt should focus on liberalization of trade by reducing tariffs, customs duties, and other types of taxes on exports to enhance the economic growth of Pakistan.

Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development, and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 056943452093867
Author(s):  
Md. Noman Siddikee ◽  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to explore the short- and long-run impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD), capital formation, and the labor forces on the economic growth of Bangladesh. We applied the Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for this study. The World Bank data for the period of 1990–2018 are taken into account for the analysis. Our findings suggest, in the long run, capital formation has a positive impact, and in the short run, it has a negative impact on gross domestic product (GDP) implying a lack of higher efficiency is persisting in capital management. Similarly, labor forces have an insignificant impact in the short run and a negative impact in the long run on GDP, which confirms the presence of a huge number of unskilled laborers in the economy with inefficient allocation. The impact of FD is found tiny positive in the short run but large negative in the long run on GDP indicating vulnerability of banking sector. These also confirm fraudulence and inefficient use of the domestic credit supplied to the private sector. The impact of FDI is approximately null both in the short and long run, indicating Bangladesh fails to achieve the long-term benefits of FDI. Finally, this study suggests using FDI more in the capital intensive project of the public–private partnership venture than infrastructural development only and also improving the credit management policy of the banking sector. JEL Classifications: F21, F43, J21

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness, Domestic Demand, and Exchange Rate on the Export Performance of Bangladesh: A VEC Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Kumar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Vec Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, domestic demand, and exchange rate on the export performance of Bangladesh over the period of 1980–2009 using the vector error correction (VEC) model under the time series framework. The stationarity of the variables is checked both at the intercept and intercept plus trend regression forms under the ADF and PP stationarity tests. The Johansen-Juselius procedure is applied to test the cointegration relationship between variables followed by the VEC regression model. The empirical results trace a long-run equilibrium relationship in the variables. FDI is found to be an important factor in explaining the changes in exports both in the short run and long-run. However, the study does not trace any significant causal relationship for the cases of trade openness, domestic demand, and exchange rate. The study concludes that Bangladesh should formulate FDI-led polices to enhance its exports.

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