scholarly journals La importancia estratégica del Ártico en la geopolítica marítima

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (61) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Silvia Marina Rivas de Hernández
Keyword(s):  

Como consecuencia del deshielo polar sufrido en los últimos años por el calentamiento global, la ruta marítima ártica cobró importancia frente a las rutas tradicionales que comprenden el paso por los estrechos de Malaca y Suez. Según estudios de Nature Climate Change (2020), se espera que para 2035, la ruta del Norte pueda ser viable para el transporte de mercancías como resultado del incremento de las temperaturas y desaparición de varias capas de hielo polar. En este artículo se pretende describir la relevancia geopolítica de la región ártica para los Estados ribereños: Canadá, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, Noruega y Rusia, así como sus pretensiones en los próximos años, no solo para los 5 del Ártico sino para otras potencias como China, que sin ser un país ribereño, tiene objetivos claros sobre la zona. A través de una investigación documental sobre las prioridades de estos países plasmadas en los programas estratégicos sobre la región y utilizando la teoría del realismo estructural como marco de análisis, se relata cómo los países ribereños del Polo Norte han establecido acciones desde diferentes ámbitos para el logro de sus objetivos, atendiendo a sus capacidades dentro de la estructura internacional.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).


2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines

Author(s):  
Brian C. O'Neill ◽  
F. Landis MacKellar ◽  
Wolfgang Lutz
Keyword(s):  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document