Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success

scholarly journals Climate-mediated cooperation promotes niche expansion in burying beetles

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuan-Jyun Sun ◽  
Dustin R Rubenstein ◽  
Bo-Fei Chen ◽  
Shih-Fan Chan ◽  
Jian-Nan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Burying Beetles ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Large Groups

The ability to form cooperative societies may explain why humans and social insects have come to dominate the earth. Here we examine the ecological consequences of cooperation by quantifying the fitness of cooperative (large groups) and non-cooperative (small groups) phenotypes in burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis) along an elevational and temperature gradient. We experimentally created large and small groups along the gradient and manipulated interspecific competition with flies by heating carcasses. We show that cooperative groups performed as thermal generalists with similarly high breeding success at all temperatures and elevations, whereas non-cooperative groups performed as thermal specialists with higher breeding success only at intermediate temperatures and elevations. Studying the ecological consequences of cooperation may not only help us to understand why so many species of social insects have conquered the earth, but also to determine how climate change will affect the success of these and other social species, including our own.

scholarly journals Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success

scholarly journals Trait-mediated trophic cascade creates enemy-free space for nesting hummingbirds

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. e1500310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Greeney ◽  
M. Rocio Meneses ◽  
Chris E. Hamilton ◽  
Eli Lichter-Marck ◽  
R. William Mannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Trophic Cascade ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Enemy Free Space

The indirect effects of predators on nonadjacent trophic levels, mediated through traits of intervening species, are collectively known as trait-mediated trophic cascades. Although birds are important predators in terrestrial ecosystems, clear examples of trait-mediated indirect effects involving bird predators have almost never been documented. Such indirect effects are important for structuring ecological communities and are likely to be negatively impacted by habitat fragmentation, climate change, and other factors that reduce abundance of top predators. We demonstrate that hummingbirds in Arizona realize increased breeding success when nesting in association with hawks. An enemy-free nesting space is created when jays, an important source of mortality for hummingbird nests, alter their foraging behavior in the presence of their hawk predators.

scholarly journals Breeding biology and population increase of the Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEREMY MADEIROS ◽  
NICHOLAS CARLILE ◽  
DAVID PRIDDEL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
North East ◽  
Rate Of Increase

SummaryThe Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow was thought to have become extinct early in the 17th century due to a combination of hunting by human colonists and predation by introduced rats, cats, dogs and pigs. However, single individuals were found on four occasions during the first half of the 20th century, and in 1951 a small population was discovered breeding on several rocky islets in north-east Bermuda. Recovery actions began in 1962 when the population numbered just 18 pairs, dispersed among five small islets. Although rats extirpated one of these five colonies in 1967, the population has grown steadily to 56 breeding pairs in 2000. We investigated the breeding phenology, productivity and population size of the Bermuda Petrel between 2000/2001 and 2007/2008. Each year, the birds began arriving in Bermuda around mid-October. They departed on a pre-breeding exodus between 19 November and 14 December, returning after 32–56 days to lay a single egg between 31 December and 31 January. Eggs hatched from 16 February to 26 March after a mean (± SD) incubation period of 53 ± 2 days, and young fledged from 15 May to 25 June after a mean fledging period of 91 ± 5 days. Between 2000/2001 and 2007/2008, reproductive output ranged from 29 to 40 fledglings per annum. Mean annual breeding success (62%) was reasonably high relative to other Procellariiformes, largely due to the provision of artificial (concrete) nesting burrows. In 2008, the population numbered 85 breeding pairs. Monitoring since 1961 indicates the population has been increasing exponentially, doubling approximately every 22 years. This rate of increase, together with the increased incidence of storm damage, is making it progressively more impracticable to construct sufficient concrete burrows on the current nesting islets to accommodate all breeding pairs. The vulnerability of these sites to accelerating storm damage and erosion as a result of anthropomorphic climate change is now the greatest threat to the Bermuda Petrel.

scholarly journals Breeding success of a marine central place forager in the context of climate change: A modeling approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane Massardier-Galatà ◽  
Jennifer Morinay ◽  
Frédéric Bailleul ◽  
Eric Wajnberg ◽  
Christophe Guinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Central Place Forager

scholarly journals Extreme weather affects Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) breeding success in South Greenland

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnéa Carlzon ◽  
Amanda Karlsson ◽  
Knud Falk ◽  
Antonia Liess ◽  
Søren Møller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Peregrine Falcon ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract In order to better understand the potential effects of climate change on the Peregrine Falcon, we investigated the relationship between extreme weather events and Peregrines’ breeding success in South Greenland. We defined three variables – number of days with extremely low temperatures, extreme precipitation, consecutive rainy days – and an additive variable, total days with extreme weather, and tested their relationship with Peregrines’ breeding success (measured as young per site and nest success) over a 33 year study period. Breeding success was negatively influenced by the number of days with extreme weather and extremely low temperature. The strongest relationship found was total days with extreme weather in the entire breeding season, which explained 22% and 27% of the variation in nest success and young per site, respectively. The number of days with extreme weather in our study related to fluctuations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Thus, with a strengthening of the NAO, linked to climate change, more extreme weather may occur in the Arctic and induce increased variation in Peregrines’ breeding success. Our data did not allow us to pinpoint when in the breeding cycle inclement weather was particularly harmful, and we recommend finer-scale research (e.g. automated nest cameras) to better monitor the species-specific effects of rapidly changing climate.

Climate change and the initiation of spring breeding by deer mice in the Kananaskis Valley, 1985–2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S Millar ◽  
Emily J Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Southern Oscillation Index ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Spring Temperatures

Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) in the Kananaskis Valley were monitored from 1985 to 2003 by livetrapping, and first parturition dates were compared among years and examined in relation to spring weather. On average, first litters were conceived on 2 May, well after the winter snowpack melted (19 March) and just before average temperatures reached 0 °C (8 May). First parturitions took place on 26 May, when average temperatures were above freezing. The average temperature at the time of conceptions (late April – early May) declined by approximately 2 °C, and the date that the average temperatures reached 0 °C was 11 days later, between 1985 and 2003, with potential effects for summer phenology. Spring temperatures, but not snowfall, were related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation index. The initiation of breeding by deer mice was variable among years, but was not related to snowfall or temperature and did not change, on average, between 1985 and 2003. The decrease in spring temperatures had no noticeable effects on breeding success. We conclude that photoperiod may be a primary cue for the initiation of spring breeding and that food resources over winter may explain the among-year variation in the initiation of breeding.

scholarly journals Extreme events are more likely to affect the breeding success of lesser kestrels than average climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcelino ◽  
J. P. Silva ◽  
J. Gameiro ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
F. C. Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Breeding Success

Unexpected effects of climate change on the predation of Antarctic petrels

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Van Franeker ◽  
Jeroen C.S. Creuwels ◽  
Willem Van Der Veer ◽  
Sam Cleland ◽  
Graham Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Catharacta Maccormicki ◽  
Fulmarine Petrels ◽  
Egg Period ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
South Polar ◽  
Antarctic Petrel

Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica on Ardery Island, Antarctica (66°S, 110°E), experienced major reductions in breeding success and breeder survival over four seasons between 1984/85 and 1996/97. In 1996 the reason was revealed. A large snowdrift covered part of the study colony on the cliffs. Southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus, normally lacking access to this area, exploited the snow for soft ‘crash landings”. After landing they waited for the disturbed birds to resettle on their nests and then used surprise to seize and kill a victim. Predation continued into the egg period, and only stopped after the snowdrift had melted. Giant petrels showed no interest in the eggs but, during the panic caused by their activities, South Polar skuas Catharacta maccormicki took the deserted eggs. Antarctic petrel mortality due to predation within the 1996/97 season amounted to 15.4% of experienced breeders, and breeding success was reduced to virtually zero. Weather data from the nearby Casey station over the 1980–96 period showed that a significant increase in precipitation has occurred, in combination with shifts in speed and direction of winds. We conclude that the decreases in breeding success and survival in earlier seasons were also related to increased snowfall and predation. Although similar predation behaviour by giant petrels has not been reported before, we think that it is long established and explains why nesting of the smaller fulmarine petrels is limited to steeper cliffs or sheltered sites. The complexity of the response seems unlikely to be predicted by our present understanding of how climate change affects ecosystems.

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