scholarly journals Feeding and Ovipositional Responses of Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Simple and Complex Asian Elm Hybrid Selections

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ulmus Davidiana ◽  
Preovipositional Period

Abstract Nine recently developed simple and complex Asian hybrids with Ulmus davidiana, U. japonica, U. parvifolia, U. pumila, U. szechuanica and/or U. wilsoniana parentage were evaluated in no-choice laboratory bioassays for their suitability for the adult elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller). Suitability of each biotype was defined by the mean percentage of leaf tissue removed, the mean percentage of females ovipositing, and the mean number of eggs laid per female. Adult female beetles laid significantly more eggs on U. pumila (control) and the complex hybrid U. ‘Morton Red Tip’-Danada Charm™ indicating their greater suitability for ELB. The least suitable single and complex hybrids for adult elm leaf beetles as indicated by feeding and reproduction were U. davidiana x U. ‘ Morton’ -Accolade™ and U. szechuanica x U. japonica. Females feeding on more suitable elms oviposited 3 days earlier than females feeding on less suitable elms. Adult beetle fecundity was correlated with the length of the preovipositional period but mean percentage of females ovipositing was not correlated with length of the preovipositional period. Adult males and females lived approximately 4 days longer on the more suitable elms than on less suitable elms but adult longevity was not correlated with suitability. The percentage of leaf tissue removed by adult beetles on the different biotypes was correlated with beetle fecundity. Less suitable selections of U. davidiana x U. ‘ Morton’ -Accolade™ and U. szechuanica x U. japonica seem promising for future elm breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eleven Newly Acquired Asian Elms for Their Suitability to Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reference Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Abstract Eleven newly introduced Asian elm species and one reference species were evaluated in no-choice laboratory bioassays for their suitability to the adult elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca (= Pyrrhalta) luteola Müller. Adult female beetles laid significantly more eggs on U. bergmanniana, U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla, U. castaneifolia, U. gaussenii, U. lamellosa, and U. pumila, indicating these species were the most suitable for ELB. The least suitable species for adult beetle feeding and reproduction were U. chenmoui, U. elongata, U. glaucescens, U. propinqua, U. propinqua var. suberosa, and U. szechuanica. Adult female beetles laid eggs within 7–10 days, or 4 days earlier, on the most suitable elms compared with beetles feeding on the least suitable elms. Adult male and female longevity was significantly affected by host suitability with adult males and females living nearly twice as long on the most suitable elms compared to the less suitable elms. Least suitable species U. chenmoui, U. elongata, U. glaucescens, U. propinqua, and U. szechuanica offer resistance to elm leaf beetle and show promise for future elm breeding programs.

scholarly journals Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms, Ulmus spp. and Their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, (Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Species Hybrids

Abstract Selected elms Ulmus spp. and their hybrids growing at the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL were evaluated in the laboratory for feeding preference by the elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola (Muller). Results from the single-choice and multiple-choice feeding studies showed that U. szechuanica was the least suitable for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle. The hybrids U. pumila x U. parvifolia and U. pumila x U. americana, and U. pumila (control) appeared to be highly suitable for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle. Adult longevity and the pre-ovipositional period appeared to be a function of suitability as adults feeding on U. szechuanica had the shortest longevity and the longest pre-ovipositional period. The converse was also true. Results from multiple-choice studies were consistent with the single-choice studies. The intermediately suitable species/hybrids of U. japonicawilsoniana x U. pumila, U. Japonica, U. macrocarpa, and U. wilsoniana show promise for further elm breeding programs. Further studies are needed to evaluate hybrid crosses of the intermediately and least preferred elms as potential sources of shade trees resistant to Dutch elm disease and not preferred by the elm leaf beetle.

An Artificial Diet for Cottonwood and Imported Willow Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Comparative Performance on Poplar Foliage2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah S. Bauer ◽  
Joann Meerschaert ◽  
O. Thomas Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Chrysomela Scripta ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cottonwood Leaf Beetle ◽  
Willow Leaf Beetle

An artificial diet was developed for laboratory rearing of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., and the imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting). To reduce microbial contamination of the media, procedures were developed for separating egg masses and sterilizing egg surfaces. Cottonwood leaf beetle larvae reared from neonate to adult on this artificial diet had greater mortality, took longer to develop, and were smaller than larvae reared on fresh poplar foliage. Adult longevity was similar for both diet-and foliage-reared larvae. Survival and adult fresh weight of imported willow leaf beetle larvae reared on the artificial diet were similar to those of cohorts reared on fresh poplar foliage. However, individuals reared on artificial diet took longer to develop and produced shorter-lived adults than cohorts reared on foliage. Larvae of both species would not eat fresh foliage after being fed on the artificial diet. Adults of both species maintianed on the artificial diet laid few eggs but resumed normal oviposition when fed fresh foliage. This artificial diet proved useful for rearing larvae and maintaining adults during periods when fresh foliage was limited.

scholarly journals Suitability and Feeding Preference of Selected North American, European, and Asian Elm (Ulmus spp.) Biotypes to Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Fredric Miller ◽  
George Ware
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
The North ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
Ovipositional Response ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Diploid Form

Abstract Recently introduced North American elm cultivars, simple and complex elm hybrids of European and Asian parentage, and simple Asian hybrids of U. pumila and U. japonica parentage growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for ovipositional response, and feeding preference and suitability for larvae and adults of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller). Larval and adult no-choice and adult multiple-choice feeding studies revealed that the North American cultivars of U. americana ‘Jefferson’ and U. americana ‘Valley Forge’, U. americana (diploid form), and U. americana were the least preferred for feeding and reproduction by the elm leaf beetle. Among simple and complex European hybrids, ‘Homestead’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Prospector’ were least preferred and least suitable for larval development, feeding, and reproduction by adult elm leaf beetles. Hybrids of ‘Frontier’, ‘Pioneer’, and ‘Regal’; the simple Asian hybrids of ‘Cathedral’ and ‘New Horizon’; and U. pumila were more highly preferred for feeding and suitable for reproduction. The least preferred and least suitable North American biotypes of U. x americana ‘Jefferson’, U. americana ‘Valley Forge’, and U. americana (diploid form), simple and complex European hybrids of ‘Homestead’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Prospector’, show promise for use in areas where the elm leaf beetle is persistent and for future elm breeding programs.

scholarly journals Host Suitability of Three Asiatic Elms to the Elm Leaf Beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Richard W. Hall ◽  
Curtis E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
Xanthogaleruca Luteola

Larval and adult elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller) were fed leaves of Ulmus pumila L., U. parvifolia Jacq. and U. wilsoniana Schneid. to determine host suitability. U. pumila was a suitable host, while U. parvifolia and U. wilsoniana were found to be poor hosts. U. parvifolia and U. wilsoniana should be considered for urban plantings where elm leaf beetle defoliation is severe, and as sources of resistance in elm breeding programs.

HAPTEN-RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

ABSTRACT A hapten-radioimmunoassay for plasma oestradiol is described and information about the reliability of the method is given in detail. Oestradiol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin is used for immunization of rabbits. The antiserum utilized for the assay is characterized by its titer, affinity and specificity. Following ether extraction and NaOH-light petroleum partition oestradiol is separated from crossreacting oestrogens by TLC. Oxidation of oestradiol on the plate is prevented by mercaptoethanol. To separate free and antibody bound ligand 250 μg dextran-coated charcoal per tube is used in the presence of bovine serum gammaglobulin (1 mg/ml). The between-assay precision based on 15 different determinations of control samples from normal adult male plasma was 9.4% (C. V.). The mean reagent blank value of 31 determinations was equivalent to 0.3 pg oestradiol and the detection limit in terms of the 99% confidence limit for a single blank value, was equivalent to 4.3 pg oestradiol. A procedure for detecting plasma blanks is described. Plasma oestradiol is separated from approximately all concomitant substances originally present in the sample by enzymatic conversion into oestrone and a second TLC. No plasma blanks could be detected with respect to normal adult male plasma. Normal values for adult males based on 51 subjects were characterized by a median of 17.2 pg/ml and the 95 percentiles of 9.5–27.6.

Population parameters of ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) in the Svalbard area

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Ian Gjertz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature

Samples were taken from 284 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the Svalbard area during April–July 1981 and March–April 1982. The age of 283 seals was determined by reading annuli in the cementum of the canine teeth. The mean age of the males was 11.3 years, and of the females, 14.9 years. Females were found to be significantly older than males. The mean length of sexually mature ringed seals was 128.9 cm for both sexes. The mean weight of adult males and females was 53.5 and 61.4 kg, respectively. Females were found to be significantly heavier than males. The sex ratio was 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Studies of microscopic sections of testis and epididymis from ringed seal males showed that 63, 75, and 80% of 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The weights of testis and epididymis, diameters of tubuli, and the size of testis all showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. Macroscopic sections of ovaries from ringed seal females showed that 20, 60, and 80% of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The size of the ovaries showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. The ovulation rate of ringed seals from Svalbard was calculated to be 0.91.

Species delimitation in the leaf beetle genus Macroplea (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA, and phylogeographic considerations

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Kölsch ◽  
Bo Vest Pedersen ◽  
Olof Biström
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Gene Coding

AbstractThe genus Macroplea Samouelle, 1819 is a group of highly specialized aquatic leaf beetles occurring in the Palaearctic. Since the members of this genus are morphologically very similar, we addressed the question of species identification and delimitation by analysing the second half of the mitochondrial gene coding for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) subunit. Species limits are inferred from the multimodal frequency distribution of genetic distances between specimens: low genetic distances within a species are clearly set apart from distances between species. The species status of the hitherto controversial species M. japana (Jacoby, 1885) is confirmed. The pattern of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions is discussed in the light of functional domains of the COI molecule. Although the data are preliminary, the results provide new data on the distribution of the species. Together with the phylogenetic analysis they allow for a discussion of the phylogeography of the genus.

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