scholarly journals The 1918 influenza outbreak in Richmond, Virginia, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Meredith CHRISTIAN
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
1918 Influenza

scholarly journals Multi-omics data integration and network-based analysis drives a multiplex drug repurposing approach to a shortlist of candidate drugs against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Tomazou ◽  
Marilena Bourdakou ◽  
George Minadakis ◽  
Margarita Zachariou ◽  
Anastasis Oulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Src Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Omics Data Integration

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is undeniably the most severe global health emergency since the 1918 Influenza outbreak. Depending on its evolutionary trajectory, the virus is expected to establish itself as an endemic infectious respiratory disease exhibiting seasonal flare-ups. Therefore, despite the unprecedented rally to reach a vaccine that can offer widespread immunization, it is equally important to reach effective prevention and treatment regimens for COVID-19. Contributing to this effort, we have curated and analyzed multi-source and multi-omics publicly available data from patients, cell lines and databases in order to fuel a multiplex computational drug repurposing approach. We devised a Network-based integration of multi-omic data to prioritize the most important genes related to COVID-19 and subsequently rerank the identified candidate drugs. We concluded to a highly informed integrated drug shortlist by combining structural diversity filtering along with experts’ curation and drug-target mapping on the depicted molecular pathways. In addition to the recently proposed drugs that are already generating promising results such as dexamethasone and remdesivir, our list includes inhibitors of Src Tyrosine Kinase (bosutinib, dasatinib, cytarabine and saracatinib) which appear to be involved in multiple COVID-19 pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, we highlight specific immunomodulators and anti-inflamatory drugs like dactolisib and methotrexate and inhibitors of histone deacetylase like hydroquinone and vorinostat with potential beneficial effects in their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals One model to rule them all? Modelling approaches across OneHealth for human, animal and plant epidemics

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20180255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kleczkowski ◽  
Andy Hoyle ◽  
Paul McMenemy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Modelling Approaches

One hundred years after the 1918 influenza outbreak, are we ready for the next pandemic? This paper addresses the need to identify and develop collaborative, interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approaches to modelling of infectious diseases including the fields of not only human and veterinary medicine, but also plant epidemiology. Firstly, the paper explains the concepts on which the most common epidemiological modelling approaches are based, namely the division of a host population into susceptible, infected and removed (SIR) classes and the proportionality of the infection rate to the size of the susceptible and infected populations. It then demonstrates how these simple concepts have been developed into a vast and successful modelling framework that has been used in predicting and controlling disease outbreaks for over 100 years. Secondly, it considers the compartmental models based on the SIR paradigm within the broader concept of a ‘disease tetrahedron’ (comprising host, pathogen, environment and man) and uses it to review the similarities and differences among the fields comprising the ‘OneHealth’ approach. Finally, the paper advocates interactions between all fields and explores the future challenges facing modellers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

COVID-19 Outbreak: Neurological Manifestations beyond Cough and Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Divya Dwivedi ◽  
Madhu Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Number Of Individuals

: COVID-19 outbreak is one of the most disastrous respiratory diseases (after the 1918 influenza outbreak) spreading in the community. So far, it has killed 7,37,417 number of individuals. High variability in the viral genome and its greater ability to spread in the human community is badly affecting the comorbid individuals. Although infected individuals are mainly possessing respiratory issues, neurological manifestations in these individuals cannot be overlooked. The literature search is based on the recent development in the concerned field. We searched databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using the keywords “COVID-19”, “neurological manifestations”, “CNS”, and “PNS”. The major neurological complications observed in these patients are encephalitis, necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, Guillain Barre Syndrome, smell/taste impairment, epileptic seizures, and abnormal states of consciousness. COVID-19 infection is just more than a cough, fever, and respiratory illness; it can cause indirect neurological complications in infected patients. It is therefore advised to treat and have a careful observation of the COVID-19 patients for neurological manifestations.

scholarly journals History of the Military Nurse Corps and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons for the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A Talbot ◽  
E Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Heather King
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Nursing ◽  
History Of ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT During World War I, the 1918 influenza pandemic struck the fatigued combat troops serving on the Western Front. Medical treatment options were limited; thus, skilled military nursing care was the primary therapy and the best indicator of patient outcomes. This article examines the military nursing’s role in the care of the soldiers during the 1918 flu pandemic and compares this to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Antiviral prophylaxis is effective in reducing influenza outbreak severity in residential care

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
M. Dronavalli ◽  
S. Fletcher-Lartey ◽  
H. Lord ◽  
L. Boonwaat ◽  
N. Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Antiviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Influenza Outbreak
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