Neuraxial administration of morphine combined with lidocaine induces regional antinociception in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dustin M. Fink ◽  
Tatiana H. Ferreira ◽  
Christoph Mans
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Regional Analgesia ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps ◽  
Preservative Free ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the antinociceptive efficacy and safety of neuraxial morphine in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). ANIMALS 10 healthy adult bearded dragons. PROCEDURES Animals were sedated with alfaxalone (15 mg/kg) SC prior to neuraxial injections. In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design, animals received preservative-free morphine (0.5 mg/kg) combined with lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or lidocaine (2 mg/kg) only (control treatment). For both treatments, saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was used for dilution to a total volume of 0.3 mL/kg. If the initial injection did not result in motor block of the pelvic limbs or cloaca relaxation within 10 minutes, a second injection was performed. Measurements consisted of bilateral mechanical stimulation of the limbs and at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the trunk’s length as well as cloacal tone to assess spread and duration of motor block. Pelvic limb withdrawal latencies in response to a thermal noxious stimulus were measured over a 48-hour period to assess antinociception. RESULTS Success rate following the first injection was 90% (18/20 injections) and increased to 100% following a second injection. Motor block occurred within 5 minutes with both treatments. Pelvic limb withdrawal latencies were significantly prolonged following neuraxial morphine versus control treatment for at least 12 hours after injection. By 24 hours, no effect of morphine on pelvic limb latencies was detectable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrated that neuraxial administration of morphine results in regional antinociceptive effects for at least 12 hours and has no clinically relevant adverse effects in healthy bearded dragons. This technique has potential for providing regional analgesia in this species.

scholarly journals ADVANTAGES OF INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE COMBINATION OVER BUPIVACAINE AND CLONIDINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN GYNAECOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Mahanta ◽  
Keshav Saran Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Regional Analgesia ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: most of the gynaecological interventions are generally done under regional anaesthesia. Currently dexmedetomidine came out as a beneficial adjunct for regional analgesia as well as anaesthesia. It is a highly selective α-2 agonist. Aims & objectives: to compare the effects & behavior of dexmedetomidine with clonidine when both are used with bupivacaine for spinal analgesia. Material and Methods: 100 cases of ASA grade 1 & 2 who were undergoing elective gynaecological surgical intervention were studied. They were divided into two groups (50 each). Group I received combination of bupivacaine & clonidine while group II received combination of bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine. Results: Average duration of onset of sensory block was earlier in group II. Arrival of motor block in Group I was slightly on lower side than Group II. Ten cases in Group I and eighteen cases from group II had notable bradycardia and hypotension. Discussion: Our study concludes that dexmedetomidine when used in combination with bupivacaine is very effective in gynaecological surgical interventions that demand longer duration & have comparatively lesser side effects. Keywords: dexmedetomidine, clonidine, Bupivacaine, gynaecological procedures.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Modulation of Cutaneous Aδ Nociceptors During Inflammation

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2794-2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Potenzieri ◽  
Thaddeus S. Brink ◽  
Cholawat Pacharinsak ◽  
Donald A. Simone
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Withdrawal Threshold ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies have demonstrated that locally administered cannabinoids attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia through activation of peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). However, it is currently unknown if cannabinoids alter the response properties of nociceptors. In the present study, correlative behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological studies were conducted to determine if peripheral administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonists arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) or (R)-(+)-methanandamide (methAEA) could attenuate mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, and decrease mechanically evoked responses of Aδ nociceptors. Twenty-four hours after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), rats exhibited allodynia (decrease in paw withdrawal threshold) and hyperalgesia (increase in paw withdrawal frequency), which were attenuated by both ACEA and methAEA. The antinociceptive effects of these cannabinoids were blocked by co-administration with the CB1 receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophen yl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251) but not with the CB2 receptor antagonist 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-y l](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630). ACEA and methAEA did not produce antinociception under control, non-inflamed conditions 24 h after intraplantar injection of saline. In parallel studies, recordings were made from cutaneous Aδ nociceptors from inflamed or control, non-inflamed skin. Both ACEA and methAEA decreased responses evoked by mechanical stimulation of Aδ nociceptors from inflamed skin but not from non-inflamed skin, and this decrease was blocked by administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251. These results suggest that attenuation of mechanically evoked responses of Aδ nociceptors contributes to the behavioral antinociception produced by activation of peripheral CB1 receptors during inflammation.

Antinociceptive effects induced through the stimulation of spinal cannabinoid type 2 receptors in chronically inflamed mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 668 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verdad Curto-Reyes ◽  
Tamara Boto ◽  
Agustín Hidalgo ◽  
Luis Menéndez ◽  
Ana Baamonde
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Coapplication of Lidocaine and the Permanently Charged Sodium Channel Blocker QX-314 Produces a Long-lasting Nociceptive Blockade in Rodents

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Binshtok ◽  
Peter Gerner ◽  
Seog Bae Oh ◽  
Michelino Puopolo ◽  
Suzuko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Sodium Channel Blocker ◽  
Regional Analgesia ◽  
Trpv1 Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Thermal Responsiveness

Background Nociceptive-selective local anesthesia is produced by entry of the permanently charged lidocaine-derivative QX-314 into nociceptors when coadministered with capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel agonist. However, the pain evoked by capsaicin before establishment of the QX-314-mediated block would limit clinical utility. Because TRPV1 channels are also activated by lidocaine, the authors tested whether lidocaine can substitute for capsaicin to introduce QX-314 into nociceptors through TRPV1 channels and produce selective analgesia. Methods Lidocaine (0.5% [17.5 mM], 1% [35 mM], and 2% [70 mM]) alone, QX-314 (0.2% [5.8 mM]) alone, and a combination of the two were injected subcutaneously and adjacent to the sciatic nerve in rats and mice. Mechanical and thermal responsiveness were measured, as was motor block. Results Coapplication of 0.2% QX-314 with lidocaine prolonged the nociceptive block relative to lidocaine alone, an effect attenuated in TRPV1 knockout mice. The 0.2% QX-314 alone had no effect when injected intraplantary or perineurally, and it produced only weak short-lasting inhibition of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex. Perisciatic nerve injection of lidocaine with QX-314 produced a differential nociceptive block much longer than the transient motor block, lasting 2 h (for 1% lidocaine) to 9 h (2% lidocaine). Triple application of lidocaine, QX-314, and capsaicin further increased the duration of the differential block. Conclusions Coapplication of lidocaine and its quaternary derivative QX-314 produces a long-lasting, predominantly nociceptor-selective block, likely by facilitating QX-314 entry through TRPV1 channels. Delivery of QX-314 into nociceptors by using lidocaine instead of capsaicin produces sustained regional analgesia without nocifensive behavior.

scholarly journals Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma in a Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Komenda Dominik ◽  
Dolenšek Tamara ◽  
Švara Tanja ◽  
Kastelic Marjan ◽  
Proks Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Tissue Core ◽  
Bearded Dragon ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps

AbstractA 6.5-year-old female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented with a swollen right pelvic limb. A tissue core biopsy from the swollen area was performed and a presumptive histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made. This diagnosis was confirmed after limb amputation. Two months after amputation a sudden deterioration in the overall health of the patient occurred. Ultrasound examination of the coelomic cavity revealed hypoechoic lesions in the liver. The patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy which revealed a severely enlarged liver with multiple coalescing yellowish nodules. Cholangiocarcinoma of the liver with metastases to the spleen, left mesovarium and right pelvic limb was diagnosed after histopathological examination.

Stimulation of myofascial trigger points with ultrasound induces segmental antinociceptive effects: A randomized controlled study

Pain ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Z. Srbely ◽  
James P. Dickey ◽  
Mark Lowerison ◽  
Michelle A. Edwards ◽  
Paul S. Nolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigger Points ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Oxytocin and electrical stimulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus produce antinociceptive effects that are reversed by an oxytocin antagonist

Pain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuritzia Miranda-Cardenas ◽  
Gerardo Rojas-Piloni ◽  
Guadalupe Martínez-Lorenzana ◽  
Javier Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Mónica López-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Oxytocin Antagonist ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation does not improve quality of muscle reinnervation or recovery of motor function after facial nerve transection in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grosheva ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Stephan Arnhold ◽  
Emmanouil Skouras ◽  
Stefanie Kuerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Motor Endplates ◽  
Manual Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractRecently, we devised and validated a novel strategy in rats to improve the outcome of facial nerve reconstruction by daily manual stimulation of the target muscles. The treatment resulted in full recovery of facial movements (whisking), which was achieved by reducing the proportion of pathologically polyinnervated motor endplates. Here, we posed whether manual stimulation could also be beneficial after a surgical procedure potentially useful for treatment of large peripheral nerve defects, i.e., entubulation of the transected facial nerve in a conduit filled with suspension of isogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in collagen. Compared to control treatment with collagen only, entubulation with BM-MSCs failed to decrease the extent of collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and did not improve functional recovery. Post-operative manual stimulation of vibrissal muscles also failed to promote a better recovery following entubulation with BM-MSCs. We suggest that BM-MSCs promote excessive trophic support for regenerating axons which, in turn, results in excessive collateral branching at the lesion site and extensive polyinnervation of the motor endplates. Furthermore, such deleterious effects cannot be overridden by manual stimulation. We conclude that entubulation with BM-MSCs is not beneficial for facial nerve repair.

scholarly journals Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Dexamethasone and Fentanyl Added to Lidocaine through Axillary Block in Forearm Fracture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Yaghoobi ◽  
Mahyar Seddighi ◽  
Zohreh Yazdi ◽  
Razieh Ghafouri ◽  
Marzieh Beigom Khezri
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Forearm Fracture ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Axillary Block ◽  
Regional Analgesia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables

Aim. Regional analgesia has been introduced as better analgesic technique compared to using systemic analgesic agents, and it may decrease the adverse effects of them and increase the degree of satisfaction. Several additives have been suggested to enhance analgesic effect of local anesthetic agents such as opioids and steroids. We designed this randomized double-blind controlled study to compare the analgesic efficacy of the dexamethasone and fentanyl added to lidocaine using axillary block in patients undergoing operation of forearm fracture. Materials and Methods. Seventy-eight patients 20–60 years old were recruited in a prospective, double-blinded, randomized way. Axillary block was performed in the three groups by using 40 mL lidocaine and 2 mL distilled water (L group), 40 mL lidocaine and 2 mL dexamethasone (LD group), and 40 mL lidocaine and 2 mL fentanyl (LF group). The onset time of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block, the total analgesic dose administered during 6 hours after the surgery, and hemodynamic variables were recorded. Results. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly longer in LD group compared to other groups (P<0.001). Similarly, the total analgesic consumption in LD group was smaller compared to other groups (P<0.001). Comparison of hemodynamic consequences of axillary block and surgery failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between all groups. Conclusion. Addition of dexamethasone to lidocaine significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia compared with fentanyl/lidocaine mixture or lidocaine alone using axillary block in patients undergoing forearm fracture surgery. This trial is registered with IRCT2012120711687N1.

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