Perceived Intimacy, Physical Distance and Eye Contact

30 male Ss rated photographic slides on the degree of intimacy of 2 males shown seated at a cafeteria table. Another 10 Ss rated the slides on both intimacy and eye contact. 54 different seating arrangements were used. Side and corner arrangements were varied by body and head position through 5 angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and 3 distances (3, 4.5, 6 ft.). Results supported the main hypotheses that intimacy varies inversely with distance, that intimacy ratings are directly related to ratings of eye contact. Corner seating was judged more intimate than side seating. Findings were interpreted in the light of prior research. Implications of the data were discussed in relation to applied situations.

Download Full-text

Stability of eye contact and physical distance across a series of structured interviews.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0033160 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 172-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert J. Daniell ◽

Philip Lewis

Keyword(s):

Eye Contact ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Structured Interviews

Download Full-text

Influence of Proximity and Eye Contact on Impression Formation

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1974.38.2.538 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 538-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shawn E. Scherer

Keyword(s):

Impression Formation ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Nonverbal Cues ◽

Dyadic Interactions ◽

Seating Arrangement ◽

Seating Arrangements ◽

The Impact

Attention has recently been given to the influence of proximity and eye contact on evaluations of psychological closeness in dyadic interactions. Scherer and Schifi (1973) found observers viewing different arrangements of posed males seated at a cafeteria table judged them to be more intimate when proximity and eye contact were high. The present study explored the impact of these nonverbal cues on impressions formed of dyad members of one another, under an inflexible seating arrangement. It was hypothesized that increased proximity and eye contact would elicit greater positive evaluations despite the apparent inability of participants to modify their seating arrangements.

Download Full-text

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-17-0305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 3397-3412

Author(s):

Michelle I. Brown ◽

David Trembath ◽

Marleen F. Westerveld ◽

Gail T. Gillon

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Single Case ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Storybook Reading ◽

Book Selection ◽

Turn Taking ◽

Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

Download Full-text

Head Position Identification

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1003.438 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 438-448

Author(s):

H. N. Wright

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Head Position ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Type Ii ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Partial Explanation ◽

Complex Sounds ◽

Binaural Cues ◽

Criterion Behavior ◽

Stimulus Degradation

A binaural recording of traffic sounds that reached an artificial head oriented in five different positions was presented to five subjects, each of whom responded under four different criteria. The results showed that it is possible to examine the ability of listeners to localize sound while listening through earphones and that the criterion adopted by an individual listener is independent of his performance. For the experimental conditions used, the Type II ROC curve generated by manipulating criterion behavior was linear and consistent with a guessing model. Further experiments involving different degrees of stimulus degradation suggested a partial explanation for this finding and illustrated the various types of monaural and binaural cues used by normal and hearing-impaired listeners to localize complex sounds.

Download Full-text