‘It’s all just a little bit of History repeating’

The chapter looks at the use of slide-tape by artists during the 1970s and 1980s in the UK. Slide-tape was a series of projected 35 mm photographic slides with a synchronized audio soundtrack. As a form, it is significant in the UK for being used by a number of key and emerging artists for a brief period before being abandoned. This moment itself has been largely forgotten, and the chapter considers this and the importance of slide-tape as a critical tool used in artists’ projected works. Slide-tape was a time-based media form, with the technology—the slide projector—itself having a distinct presence in the live performance of the work. Amongst the artists who used the form were Black Audio Film Collective and Tina Keane and others who took part in the key exhibition About Time: Video, Performance and Installation by 21 Women Artists, which took place at the ICA, London, in 1980. In the chapter the author accounts for the emergence of this work and suggests that slide-tape allowed for artists’ experimental work where the simultaneous projection of images and sound was transformed to establish a new form. As the form has been taken up and used recently by contemporary artists, the impact of this overlooked history to what is described as legacy media is discussed and located.

Building team agreement on large population surveys through inter-rater reliability among oral health survey examiners

Background: Oral health surveys conducted on a very large population involve many examiners who must be consistent in scoring different levels of an oral disease. Prior to the oral health survey implementation, a measurement of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is needed to know the level of agreement among examiners or raters. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the IRR using consensus and consistency estimates in large population oral health surveys. Methods: A total of 58 dentists participated as raters. The benchmarker showed the clinical sample for dental caries and community periodontal index (CPI) score, with the raters being trained to carry out a calibration exercise in dental phantom. The consensus estimate was measured by means of a percent agreement and Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The consistency estimate of IRR was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation. Results: The percent agreement is 65.50% for photographic slides of dental caries, 73.13% for photographic slides of CPI and 78.78% for calibration of dental caries using phantom. There were statistically significant differences between dental caries calibration using photographic slides and phantom (p<0.000), while the consistency of IRR between multiple raters is strong (Cronbrach’s Alpha: >0.9). Conclusion: A percent agreement across multiple raters is acceptable for the diagnosis of dental caries. Consistency between multiple raters is reliable when diagnosing dental caries and CPI.

The “Corporeality” of the Image in Walter Gropius’ Monumentale Kunst und Industriebau Lecture

The introduction of a series of traded photographs of North and South American Silos into the discourse of modern architecture has been generally attributed to the German architect Walter Gropius when he published the photographs in the 1913 Jahrbuch des Deutschen Werkbundes. What remains overlooked is the photographs’ original dissemination platform: Gropius’ Monumentale Kunst und Industriebau Lichtbildervortrag [lantern slide lecture] from 1911. Based on a close reading of archival material – first the original lecture manuscript, which indicates that images and text were merged in performance, and then the photographic slides – this paper argues that the projector’s agency enables the foundation of these iconic buildings’ architectural criticism. Indeed such criticism actually takes place in the ephemeral space of the projection, rather than in the various printed media where it is usually located.

Response Time as a Measure of Compatibility for Linear Displays with Rotary Controls

Forty subjects responded to a set of 64 different combinations of linear displays and rotary controls presented by photographic slides. The subject's task was to rotate a control to increase the numerical value on the display. It was expected that response time for an arrangement having a strong stereotype would be faster than one with a weaker stereotype. Data showed there a strong relationship between these two measures of compatibility for horizontal displays with controls either on the top or bottom of the display; there was no significant relationship for any of the vertical layouts. Comparing horizontal and vertical displays, the average response times were 1.25 and 1.55 seconds and average stereotype strengths were .86 and .73, respectively. Thus on both criteria, horizontal displays were superior to vertical displays. Response time was found to be dependent on the magnitude of the component principle making the greatest contribution to the strength of the overall stereotype. In the case of horizontal displays this was the clockwise-to-right principle; for vertical displays it was Warrick's principle or, if this was not applicable, the scale-side principle.

Undergraduate urology teaching: Results of a pre-examination revision quiz

A ‘revision quiz’ using some 20 projected photographic slides and a structured open-ended answer sheet was administered to, and marked for, 75 Final MB candidates and 7 Final FRCS candidates at Bristol. Despite only a modest exposure to specialist urological teaching, the undergraduates were judged to have achieved an acceptable level of performance in most areas except for the treatment of urinary infections. The performance of the senior house officers was not better than that of the undergraduates. Nearly all candidates in both groups undermarked their own scripts compared to the marks given by their teachers, thus fuelling, perhaps needlessly, their anxieties about examinations.