Response Bias in Deaf and Hearing Subjects as a Function of Motivational Factors

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Response Criterion ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task ◽  
Payoff Matrices ◽  
Visual Brightness

This experiment assessed the effect of different payoff matrices on 6 deaf and 6 hearing subjects on a visual brightness discrimination task. Subjects were required to make forced-choice responses to three different monetary payoff conditions, designed to induce a liberal, a conservative, and an equal-bias response criterion, respectively. The results showed that the deaf did not select the superior response strategies they had exhibited in a previous study (Bross, 1979) on the effect of changes in stimulus probability. Furthermore, the deaf earned significantly less money than the controls for all three conditions, indicating that the introduction of motivational demands affects their response strategies adversely.

Residual Sensory Capacities of the Deaf: A Signal Detection Analysis of a Visual Discrimination Task

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis

This experiment compared the visual sensory sensitivity of deaf and hearing subjects in a signal detection paradigm. Subjects ( ns:= 6) were required to give forced-choice responses to a brightness discrimination task under three stimulus probability conditions (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75). A total of 1,800 trials were given to each subject and utilized to construct isosensitivity functions and d' and Beta, indices for sensory sensitivity and response bias, respectively. The results showed that no enhanced sensory sensitivity is present for these deaf children and questions the classical sensory compensation hypothesis. Furthermore, the deaf subjects responded in a relatively bias-free manner to variations in stimulus probability.

scholarly journals Novel popout and familiar popout in a brightness discrimination task

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Diliberto ◽  
Jeanette Altarriba ◽  
W. Trammell Neill
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task

Novel Visual Illusions Related to Vasarely's ‘Nested Squares’ Show That Corner Salience Varies with Corner Angle

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5383 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoana G Troncoso ◽  
Stephen L Macknik ◽  
Susana Martinez-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Corner Angle ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task ◽  
Sharp Corners

Vasarely's ‘nested-squares’ illusion shows that 90° corners can be more salient perceptually than straight edges. On the basis of this illusion we have developed a novel visual illusion, the ‘Alternating Brightness Star’, which shows that sharp corners are more salient than shallow corners (an effect we call ‘corner angle salience variation’) and that the same corner can be perceived as either bright or dark depending on the polarity of the angle (ie whether concave or convex: ‘corner angle brightness reversal’). Here we quantify the perception of corner angle salience variation and corner angle brightness reversal effects in twelve naive human subjects, in a two-alternative forced-choice brightness discrimination task. The results show that sharp corners generate stronger percepts than shallow corners, and that corner gradients appear bright or dark depending on whether the corner is concave or convex. Basic computational models of center – surround receptive fields predict the results to some degree, but not fully.

scholarly journals Retention of a Brightness Discrimination Task in Paramecia, P. caudatum

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Mingee
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task

Previous research into the possibility of learning in paramecia in this laboratory has shown that these organisms can learn to go to and remain in a specific location based on cathode shock reinforcement. The present experiment was designed to determine whether paramecia could retain (remember) the learned brightness discrimination task. The results indicate that the retention interval for this task in paramecia is shorter than 1 minute. It is possible that paramecia can remember this task for longer than a second but shorter than the 1-minute interval that was used during test. It is also possible that remembering for more than a few seconds requires a nervous system, which paramecia do not have.

Retention of Avoidance: Time since Original Training or Time since Shock

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
David T. Goomas
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Shock Train ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task ◽  
Transfer Group

4 groups of 9 Holtzman rats were run on a brightness discrimination task in a T-maze under the conditions of shock-train-shock-retest or transfer. Under like manipulation intervals of 1 hr. or 24 hr. between shock-train and shock-retest or transfer and with constant 24-hr. intervals between train-shock, there was no decrement in avoidance for the 1-hr. retest group nor an increment for the 24-hr. transfer group. This supports memory retrieval rather than behavioral inhibition.

Effects of Overlearning and Spatial Delay of Reinforcement upon a Discrimination Reversal

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleman Paul ◽  
Joan Havlena
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Original Learning ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Positive Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Reversal ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Delay Of Reinforcement ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task

Rats were trained on a brightness discrimination task under two conditions of spatial delay of reinforcement. Groups received either 0 or 150 postcriterial trials and then were given reversal training. Reversal training was under either the same delay as experienced in original learning or the alternate one. The results indicated that the delay variable, ineffective in original learning, affected reversal acquisition. The postcriterial trials had no affect on trials to reversal criterion. Further analysis indicated that overtraining resulted in a greater number of initial responses to the originally positive stimulus early in reversal training.

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