Affective-Symbolic Connotations of the Rorschach Inkblots: Fact or Fantasy

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Judith D. Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Error Terms

The Rorschach inkblots were rated for their similarity to 40 concepts by 111 female and 116 male students. A 5-point scale was used to compare the inkblots with eight concepts in each of five categories: psychoanalytic affective-symbolic connotations, an alternate set of affective-symbolic connotations, “popular” Rorschach responses, affectively toned concepts, and randomly selected nouns. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance for each inkblot provided the error terms for Dunn's multiple-comparison test. Although results varied considerably from inkblot to inkblot, the cards were rated over-all more similar to the derived concepts than to their traditionally assumed connotations. These findings and the results of other studies suggest that reliance on any set of hypothesized a priori meanings in Rorschach interpretation may be hazardous or, at best, premature.

Role of commercial friendship, initiation and co-creation types

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Busser ◽  
Lenna V. Shulga
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Relational Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce and test customer perceptions of four types of value co-creation (VCC), explore VCC a priori condition of relatedness, operationalized as commercial friendship, examine customer voluntary participation in VCC through initiation (customer vs company), and the influence of these factors on relational outcomes of VCC: satisfaction, loyalty and trust. Design/methodology/approach A scenario-based 2×2×4 experimental design was set in a destination resort context: weak vs strong commercial friendship, customer vs company co-creation initiation and four types of VCC. The 248 resort guests were equally and randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Multivariate analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized. Findings Results demonstrated that customers perceived VCC processes differently. Co-creation of experience and co-recovery outcomes had significantly higher relational outcomes when compared to co-creation of marketing and co-innovation. Experiencing stronger commercial friendship, as customer–company relatedness and being invited to co-create resulted in stronger customer relational outcomes. Originality/value The core theoretical contribution of this study is the comparative analysis of customer perceptions of four distinctly different types of VCC: co-innovation, co-creation of experience, co-creation of marketing and co-recovery. A priori conditions of relatedness and co-creation initiation were established as antecedents of VCC processes among customers and service providers. When a service provider initiates VCC, it can positively affect customers’ relational outcomes of satisfaction, loyalty and trust.

A Six-Center International Study of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Clefts of the Lip and Palate: Part 4. Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Asher-Mcdade ◽  
Viveca Brattström ◽  
Erik Dahl ◽  
John Mcwilliam ◽  
Kirsten Mølsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
International Study ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Dental Cast

One hundred and fifteen frontal and profile photographs of the nasolabial area of subjects with complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate from six European centers were assessed. Four components of the nasolabial area were rated separately by a panel of judges using a five-point scale of attractiveness. The Tukey multiple comparison test showed significant differences between the centers. The relative position of the six centers in this study followed a similar pattern to their respective positions in the cephalometric and dental cast studies.

scholarly journals Effect of local anesthesia on weight gain of pre-weaning piglets submitted to castration

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Filipe Garcia Telles ◽  
Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna ◽  
Dirlei Antonio Berto ◽  
Nadia Crosignani ◽  
Alessandro Borges Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Weaning Piglets

The policies of welfare on animal production have been expanded to improve the animal needsand match the demands of the consumer market. Castration represents a questionable welfarefactor related to pig production. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of theuse of local anesthesia before castration on productive performance in pre-weaning piglets,assessed by weight gain. Animals were divided into two treatments: 1) castration without localanesthesia (SURG; n = 52) and 2) castration after intra-testicular local anesthesia (SURG+LA;n = 52) when animals were three to seven days old. Piglets were weighed before (W0) and atseven (W1) and 14 days (W2) after orchiectomy, when they were weaned. Statistical analysiswas performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student-NewmanKeuls multiple comparison test to investigate differences between groups. There were nodifferences in Weight (W2) and weight gain at weaning between SURG+LA animals comparedto SURG animals (3.57 ± 0.60 kg and 3.74 ± 0.71 kg, respectively; p = 0.17). According to theexperimental conditions of this study, local anesthesia before castration of piglets does notaffect weight gain at weaning, warranting further investigation following the effect of localanesthesia prior to castration until the slaughtering phase.

Effects of a Combination of Stances and Points of Aim on Putting Accuracy

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Gott ◽  
Carl Mc Gown
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two putting stances (conventional versus side-saddle) and two points of aim (ball versus hole) on putting accuracy. Subjects (12 men, 4 women) were taught to putt using four methods: (a) conventional stance, eyes on the ball; (b) conventional stance, eyes on the hole; (c) side-saddle stance, eyes on the ball; and (d) side-saddle stance, eyes on the hole. Each subject practiced each method for 2 wk., after which they were tested for purring accuracy by counting putts made, determining constant error, and by calculating variable error. Accuracy was assessed at 5 and 15 ft. A 2 by 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that there was no single combination of stance and point of aim that was significantly better than another at either distance. This suggests that, contrary to popular opinion, the traditional method of putting is not the best method for putting; other methods are equally as good and could be used if individually desired.

scholarly journals Estimating Bayes factors from minimal summary statistics in repeated measures analysis of variance designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Faulkenberry
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

In this paper, I develop a formula for estimating Bayes factors directly from minimal summary statistics produced in repeated measures analysis of variance designs. The formula, which requires knowing only the F-statistic, the number of subjects, and the number of repeated measurements per subject, is based on the BIC approximation of the Bayes factor, a common default method for Bayesian computation with linear models. In addition to providing computational examples, I report a simulation study in which I demonstrate that the formula compares favorably to a recently developed, more complex method that accounts for correlation between repeated measurements. The minimal BIC method provides a simple way for researchers to estimate Bayes factors from a minimal set of summary statistics, giving users a powerful index for estimating the evidential value of not only their own data, but also the data reported in published studies.

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