Visual Recognition of Equivalent Tactile-Kinesthetic and Verbal Information in Short-Term Memory

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Kazen-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Significant Difference

Short-term retention of equivalent tactile-kiaesthetic and verbal information was compared, as well as subjects' ability to construct, and visually recognize information. Sixty undergraduate subjects participated, 30 in each of two groups. The first group received information through the fine movements of the subject's right index finger, whereas the second group was presented exactly the same information verbally coded. Both groups had to recognize visually each of 10 mentally constructed patterns, one at a time, depicted as drawings of a target and four distractors. Although both groups performed above chance level, there was a significant difference in the total number of correct recognitions, favoring the verbal one. It is concluded that: (a) the transformation to a visual code is easier for the verbal system than for the kinesthetic one, perhaps because experience in coding visual information from verbal descriptions is greater. (b) If we want to make meaningful comparisons between motor and verbal short-term memory, it is desirable to use tasks as similar as possible for both conditions. The present work suggests one way to achieve the above.

Proactive Interference and Intertrial Interval in Short-Term Retention of Temporal Visual Information

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Guay
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Variable Errors

The main purpose was to examine the role of proactive interference in temporal short-term memory when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, made without time-aiding techniques. Visual durations of 1, 4, and 8 sec. were estimated by 18 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three retention intervals were used: immediate reproduction, 15, and 30 sec. of rest. The three intertrial intervals were immediate, 15, and 30 sec. Constant error was used as an index of bias. The constant errors provided no indication that proactive interference was operating in temporal short-term memory. The lack of proactive interference was not associated with intertrial intervals; even when the intertrial intervals were shortened to 1 sec. no proactive interference was observed. Variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. The variable errors for the 4- and 8-sec. durations seemed amenable to a trace-decay explanation.

scholarly journals IS DIGIT SUPERIORITY INDISPENSABLE WITH REGARD TO SHORT TERM MEMORY SPAN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Familiar Stimulus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Name ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Familiar Stimuli

It is known that digits have a positive effect on the performance of short term memory (STM) span and it is called the digit superiority effect. This study aims to examine the effect of familiar stimuli (digits, colors, digit names, color names, and words) on STM span. In order to measure STM capacity, a memory span task was used including the digit, word, and color span lists. 91 participants (44 female, 47 male) aged between 18-27 (M = 21,43, SD = 1.50) participated in the study that consisted of three different experiments. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that there was a significant difference between the digit name and word with regard to span size and total span. In Experiment 2 and 3, the main effect of familiar stimulus type on total span and span size was significant, and also the difference between all types of stimuli was significant (Experiment II, digit name>word=color name; Experiment III, digit>digit name>color name>color). The common result obtained from all experiments is that digits are superior with regard to STM span than other familiar stimuli types such as words, color names, colors. This study confirmed that digit superiority effect is indispensable on verbal and visual STM span. Keywords Digit superiority, short term memory, memory span

scholarly journals Using AI-Based Classification Techniques to Process EEG Data Collected during the Visual Short-Term Memory Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Antonijevic ◽  
Miodrag Zivkovic ◽  
Sladjana Arsic ◽  
Aleksandar Jevremovic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Short Period

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is defined as the ability to remember a small amount of visual information, such as colors and shapes, during a short period of time. VSTM is a part of short-term memory, which can hold information up to 30 seconds. In this paper, we present the results of research where we classified the data gathered by using an electroencephalogram (EEG) during a VSTM experiment. The experiment was performed with 12 participants that were required to remember as many details as possible from the two images, displayed for 1 minute. The first assessment was done in an isolated environment, while the second assessment was done in front of the other participants, in order to increase the stress of the examinee. The classification of the EEG data was done by using four algorithms: Naive Bayes, support vector, KNN, and random forest. The results obtained show that AI-based classification could be successfully used in the proposed way, since we were able to correctly classify the order of the images presented 90.12% of the time and type of the displayed image 90.51% of the time.

scholarly journals Stable maintenance of multiple representational formats in human visual short-term memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (51) ◽  
pp. 32329-32339
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Duanyu Ni ◽  
Liankun Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Stable Maintenance

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) enables humans to form a stable and coherent representation of the external world. However, the nature and temporal dynamics of the neural representations in VSTM that support this stability are barely understood. Here we combined human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings with analyses using deep neural networks and semantic models to probe the representational format and temporal dynamics of information in VSTM. We found clear evidence that VSTM maintenance occurred in two distinct representational formats which originated from different encoding periods. The first format derived from an early encoding period (250 to 770 ms) corresponded to higher-order visual representations. The second format originated from a late encoding period (1,000 to 1,980 ms) and contained abstract semantic representations. These representational formats were overall stable during maintenance, with no consistent transformation across time. Nevertheless, maintenance of both representational formats showed substantial arrhythmic fluctuations, i.e., waxing and waning in irregular intervals. The increases of the maintained representational formats were specific to the phases of hippocampal low-frequency activity. Our results demonstrate that human VSTM simultaneously maintains representations at different levels of processing, from higher-order visual information to abstract semantic representations, which are stably maintained via coupling to hippocampal low-frequency activity.

Cognitive impairment associated with drug use in old age people

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s876-s876
Author(s):  
E. Ros-Cucurull ◽  
C. Cardona-Rubira ◽  
E. García-Raboso ◽  
R.F. Palma-Álvarez ◽  
L. Grau-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Visual Construction

IntroductionSubstance use disorder is a growing phenomenon among old adults. It is usually significantly undervalued, misidentified, under diagnosed and poorly treated. It has been related to cognitive impairment but there are few studies focused on the elderly.AimTo evaluate the relationship between drug use and cognitive impairment in old adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study (basal and 6 month follow up) in 67 patients over 65 years old seeking for treatment for drug misuse (alcohol and prescription drugs, mainly benzodiacepines) in addiction and dual diagnosis unit in Barcelona. A specific protocol was performed to evaluate attention, executive function, working memory, learning capacity, fonetic and visual fluency, decision-making, visual construction and cognitive flexibility (FCT, CPT-II, N-BACK, COWAT FAS, TAP, SDMT, IGT, CVLT, TOL, RFFT, STROOP). Patients were compared with a control group (healthy non drug users) with same characteristics (gender, age range and education status). The protocol consisted in two separated sessions of 90 minutes each one performed by a neuropsychologist.ResultsResults obtained suggested that patients under drug misuse had worse scores in fluency, visual construction, memory and attention compared with controls. After 6 month treatment and achieving abstinence patients improve in cognitive skills as verbal learning, short-term memory and free recall of verbal information. Cognitive impairment profile changes depending on the substance abused (alcohol or benzodiacepines).ConclusionsDrug use can produce deleterious effects in old adults. However, those who achieve abstinence may improve some cognitive functioning as verbal learning, short-term memory and free recall of verbal information.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Short-term memory for tonal and verbal information

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (0) ◽  
pp. 3AM114-3AM114
Author(s):  
Shiho MIYAZAWA ◽  
Akihiro TANAKA ◽  
Takehiko NISHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Rehearsal of Kinesthetic Information in Motor Short-Term Memory

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Motor Movement ◽  
Covert Rehearsal ◽  
Kinesthetic Information

Rehearsal of kinesthetic information in motor short-term memory was investigated using a sequential motor movement task. In Exp. 1, the subjects executed 3 blind linear movements and recalled one of them. In Exp. 2, the subjects executed 3 movements while receiving visual and/or verbal information regarding the extent of movement and then recalled one of them. Results indicated that the availability of visual and/or verbal information for covert rehearsal is sufficient to maintain movement extent information in short-term memory but that availability of kinesthetic information alone for covert rehearsal is not.

Short-Term Retention of Traffic Turn Restriction Signs

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol R. Hoffmann ◽  
Wendy A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Auditory Mode

Two laboratory experiments evaluated short-term retention of information from verbal and symbolic signs after following verbal (auditory mode) and pictorial (visual) forms of interfering activities. A differential interference effect was observed consistent with the .dualcoding hypothesis. From a practical viewpoint, neither type of Sign appeared superior in terms of its likely retention in short-term memory by drivers.

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