Effects of Left Basal Ganglia Lesions on Language Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Fabbro ◽  
Andrea Clarici ◽  
Antonio Bava
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech

Three patients with lesions mainly confined to the left basal ganglia were studied with a series of neuropsychological and neurolinguistic tests. Two patients were nonfluent, whereas one presented with fluent spontaneous speech. All of them produced agrammatic sentences and lexical and semantic mistakes. Perseverations and echolalias were two further characteristic disorders of their speech production. The linguistic symptoms observed in these three patients suggest that the left basal ganglia play an important role (a) in regulating arousal and speech initiation, (b) in monitoring the semantic and lexical aspects of language, and (c) in switching from one linguistic element to the following during language production.

scholarly journals Paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects in Estonian spontaneous speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Lõo ◽  
Fabian Tomaschek ◽  
Pärtel Lippus ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
System P ◽  
Morphological Family

Recent evidence has indicated that a word's morphological family and inflectional paradigm members get activated when we produce words. These paradigmatic effects have previously been studied in careful, laboratory context using words in isolation. This previous research has not investigated how the linguistic context affects spontaneous speech production. The current corpus analysis investigates paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects in Estonian spontaneous speech. Following related work on English, we focus on morphemic and non-morphemic word final /-s/ in content words. We report that linguistic context, as measured by conditional probability, has the strongest effect on the acoustic durations, while inflectional properties (internal structure and inflectional paradigm size) also affect word and segment durations. These results indicate that morphology is part of a complex system that interacts with other aspects of the language production system.

He who Hesitates: Hesitation Phenomena as Quality Control in Speech Production, Obstacles in Non-Native Speech Perception

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie Reed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Content Processing ◽  
Hesitation Phenomena

This study was designed to determine the nature and occurrence of hesitation phenomena in spontaneous speech of native and non-native speakers, and to determine whether and to what extent the hesitation phenomena normal in spontaneous speech pose perception problems for non-native speakers. A quantitative analysis reveals that hesitation phenomena are ubiquitous in both native and non-native speech production. A qualitative analysis based on a content-processing classification framework reveals the function of hesitations. Hesitations act as overt traces of prospective and retrospective speech-processing tasks which function to forestall errors, and to permit detection and repair of errors once they are committed. Hesitations are quality control devices; native and non-native speakers are highly successful utilizing them to forestall errors. However, hesitation phenomena clearly pose perception problems for non-native speakers who show little evidence of recognizing them as such. Like native speakers, non-native speakers produce hesitation phenomena. Unlike native speakers, who edit and filter out the hesitations they hear, non-native speakers attempt to assign meaning to speakers' faulty output or to parenthetical remarks. Hesitations are unpredictable in their frequency or occurrence; failure to provide training in these oral discourse features of connected speech may result in non-native speakers whose speech production vastly outstrips their perception.

Contribution of the basal ganglia to spoken language: Is speech production like the other motor skills?

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Zenon ◽  
Etienne Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Hypokinetic Dysarthria ◽  
High Level

AbstractTwo of the roles assigned to the basal ganglia in spoken language parallel very well their contribution to motor behaviour: (1) their role in sequence processing, resulting in syntax deficits, and (2) their role in movement “vigor,” leading to “hypokinetic dysarthria” or “hypophonia.” This is an additional example of how the motor system has served the emergence of high-level cognitive functions, such as language.

Spontaneous speech in senile dementia and aphasia: Implications for a neurolinguistic model of language production

Cognition ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Blanken ◽  
Jürgen Dittmann ◽  
J.-Christian Haas ◽  
Claus-W. Wallesch
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Spontaneous Speech

Speech and Language Production at Age 2

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Nelson ◽  
Harold R. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Propositional Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore how 2-year-old children manage the relationship between phonetic production and production of word combinations in their spontaneous speech. The subjects were 5 normally developing 2-year-olds who were participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of speech and language acquisition. Three measures were used to estimate phonetic production skills in the children’s spontaneous speech samples. These included a measure of the accuracy of consonant production (Percentage of Consonants Correct), and two estimators of phonetic complexity (phonetic products for utterance and word length units). Regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between complexity of word combinations, as measured by length of utterance in morphemes and a propositional complexity analysis, and utilization of phonetic production skills. The results revealed modest tradeoffs between complexity of word combinations and accuracy of consonant production for 2 of the 5 children. The results also showed tradeoffs between complexity of word combinations and phonetic complexity of individual lexical items (phonetic product for words) for 4 of the 5 children. As the complexity of these 4 children’s multiword combinations increased, the phonetic complexity of individual lexical items decreased. These results are consistent with synergistic theories of language acquisition and language processing that emphasize dynamic tradeoffs in interactions among language processing levels in a limited capacity production system.

scholarly journals Vocabulary Size Influences Spontaneous Speech in Native Language Users: Validating the Use of Automatic Speech Recognition in Individual Differences Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092091107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne R. Jongman ◽  
Yung Han Khoe ◽  
Florian Hintz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Speech Transcription ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has shown that vocabulary size affects performance on laboratory word production tasks. Individuals who know many words show faster lexical access and retrieve more words belonging to pre-specified categories than individuals who know fewer words. The present study examined the relationship between receptive vocabulary size and speaking skills as assessed in a natural sentence production task. We asked whether measures derived from spontaneous responses to everyday questions correlate with the size of participants’ vocabulary. Moreover, we assessed the suitability of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for the analysis of participants’ responses in complex language production data. We found that vocabulary size predicted indices of spontaneous speech: individuals with a larger vocabulary produced more words and had a higher speech-silence ratio compared to individuals with a smaller vocabulary. Importantly, these relationships were reliably identified using manual and automated transcription methods. Taken together, our results suggest that spontaneous speech elicitation is a useful method to investigate natural language production and that automatic speech recognition can alleviate the burden of labor-intensive speech transcription.

On the measures of fluency in the assessment of spontaneous speech production by aphasic subjects

Aphasiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Feyereisen ◽  
Agnesa Pillon ◽  
Marie-Pierre de Partz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech

scholarly journals Development of Velopharyngeal Closure for Vocalization During the First 2 Years of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Bunton ◽  
Jeannette D. Hoit
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Ram Pressure ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sound Category

PurposeThe vocalizations of young infants often sound nasalized, suggesting that the velopharynx is open during the 1st few months of life. Whereas acoustic and perceptual studies seemed to support the idea that the velopharynx closes for vocalization by about 4 months of age, an aeromechanical study contradicted this (Thom, Hoit, Hixon, & Smith, 2006). Thus, the current large-scale investigation was undertaken to determine when the velopharynx closes for speech production by following infants during their first 2 years of life.MethodThis longitudinal study used nasal ram pressure to determine the status of the velopharynx (open or closed) during spontaneous speech production in 92 participants (46 male, 46 female) studied monthly from age 4 to 24 months.ResultsThe velopharynx was closed during at least 90% of the utterances by 19 months, though there was substantial variability across participants. When considered by sound category, the velopharynx was closed from most to least often during production of oral obstruents, approximants, vowels (only), and glottal obstruents. No sex effects were observed.ConclusionVelopharyngeal closure for spontaneous speech production can be considered complete by 19 months, but closure occurs earlier for speech sounds with higher oral pressure demands.

Negative intraoral pressure in German: Evidence from an exploratory study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fuchs ◽  
Blake Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
African Continent ◽  
European Language ◽  
Dual Closure ◽  
Intraoral Pressure ◽  
Female Subjects

Phonemic clicks are geographically limited to the African continent, but non-phonemic clicks can also occur in languages spoken elsewhere. One of the phonetic peculiarities of clicks is that they involve negative intraoral pressure. The current study is a survey of instances of negative intraoral pressure excursions in German, a European language which is known to show instances of weak clicks in consonant sequences. Data of spontaneous speech in monologues and read passages from 14 female subjects are analysed. Our data provide evidence that negative pressure occurs frequently in speech production, in particular in pauses (between speech intervals), and in consonant sequences. Of particular interest is that clicks can also occur without an obvious dual closure in the vocal tract. Negative pressure in pauses occurs frequently with clicks (but not exclusively) which are aligned with the pressure minimum. We conclude that these aligned clicks are epiphenomenal and reflect the interaction of the respiratory and the laryngeal systems. In consonant sequences, clicks may be present more often with front–back consonant order than the reverse, but in both cases negative pressure can be found.

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