Agonistic Behavior in Several Species of Fish

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. McDonald ◽  
Norman W. Heimstra
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Observation Session ◽  
Interspecies Differences ◽  
Green Sunfish

Seven species of fish were studied in an attempt to determine interspecies differences in the amount and type of agonistic behavior shown. Fish in each species were paired and the frequency of attacks shown during a 5-min. observation session was recorded. An observation session was held for 16 pairs of fish of the same species on 5 consecutive days. It was found that bluegill showed the highest frequency of attacks, then green sunfish, largemouth bass, rainbow trout, black crappie, and yellow perch in that order. No attacks were recorded for walleyes during any of the observation sessions. Qualitative differences shown in agonistic behavior among the various species are also discussed.

Mortality, Hematocrit, Osmolality, Electrolyte Regulation, and Fat Depletion of Young-of-the-Year Freshwater Fishes under Simulated Winter Conditions

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Toneys ◽  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Green Sunfish

In laboratory experiments young-of-the-year green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were held for 4 mo under simulated winter conditions (2–4 °C; photoperiod of 9 h light: 15 h dark) in solutions of various osmotic strengths, from 90% distilled water to 1.0% NaCl. Mortality in three of five experiments often was greater in salt solutions, indicating that NaCl did not increase survival. Survival was greater for larger yellow perch than smaller but was not related to size in the other species. Hematocrit was depressed below control levels in all solutions at the end of experiments. The fish generally were able to regulate plasma osmotic concentration in all solutions except the highest NaCl concentrations, where plasma osmolality was often significantly higher than in the control at the end of experiments. Plasma Na+ and Cl− typically decreased and then recovered at low temperatures. Presence of Na+ and Cl− in the external medium tended to alleviate their loss from plasma. Changes in plasma Na+ and Cl− were not related to mortality in hypoionic solutions but usually did correspond to changes in plasma osmolality. Fat content of survivors declined and water content increased for all species, but the losses and gains were not related to osmolality of solutions. Low fat content probably was not a cause of death.Key words: Mortality, electrolyte regulation, osmolality, hematocrit, fat depletion, winter conditions, green sunfish, largemouth bass, brook trout, yellow perch, sodium, chloride

Biological and Toxicologtcal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Fish and Their Eggs

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Morone Chrysops ◽  
Contaminant Transfer

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), white bass (Morone chrysops), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were collected from Lakes Ontario and Erie to examine the relationship between contaminant levels in females and their eggs. Factors such as the percent lipid in the fish and percent of total lipid deposited in the eggs significantly influenced (P < 0.01) contaminant transfer. The percentages of the 9–11 organic contaminants transferred generally showed less variation within a species than the percentages for a substance transferred among the five species examined. This relationship was consistent even though there was over a 10-fold range in contaminant concentrations within a given species. Mercury did not demonstrate this response because the percentage in eggs was low for all species. The levels of PCB monitored in eggs of rainbow trout collected from Lake Ontario suggest that egg and fry survival rates could be affected based on the toxicological evidence from other studies. An examination of the possible effects of spawning on the kinetics of contaminants among these species suggests that relative body concentrations of organic contaminants may be decreased by 5% or be increased by 10%, and mercury levels may be increased by 6–22% following the deposition of eggs. The amount of change varies with species and is influenced by the percent egg weight of body weight, and the rate of contaminant transfer from females to eggs.Key words: toxicology, contaminants, reproduction, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie

Daily Rings in Otoliths of Three Species of Lepomis and Tilapia mossambica

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Taubert ◽  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Tilapia Mossambica ◽  
Daily Ring ◽  
Green Sunfish ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Daily rings formed on otoliths of known-age, laboratory-raised pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), green sunflsh (L. cyanellus), bluegill (L. macrochirus), and mozambique mouthbrooder (Tilapia mossambica) for at least 176, 170, 125, and 60 days, respectively. Subdaily rings found in young laboratory and wild fish were easily distinguished from daily rings. Width of daily rings on otoliths of green sunfish was linearly related to daily increase in length of fish, but the number of rings was a product of age of fish only, not length of fish or otolith radius. Growth and daily ring formation on otoliths in wild bluegill and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) appeared to be similar to those in laboratory-raised fish. Otoliths of green sunfish held under simulated winter conditions ceased to produce daily rings, but did form an annulus. Two kinds of otolith tissue were present in most of the larger laboratory fish and wild bluegill but were not observed in wild largemouth bass. The first type, present in all areas of the otolith except the extreme posterior end, was translucent and had well-defined daily rings. The second type, present only in the posterior end, was opaque and had poorly etched daily rings that were difficult to discern. Both tissues were calcium carbonate in the aragonite form. Daily rings were found on otoliths offish held at constant temperature. Results of experiments with young mouthbrooders held under various light–dark and feeding cycles suggested that a 24-h light–dark cycle that entrained an internal, diurnal clock was required for daily ring production.

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