Mortality, Hematocrit, Osmolality, Electrolyte Regulation, and Fat Depletion of Young-of-the-Year Freshwater Fishes under Simulated Winter Conditions

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Toneys ◽  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Green Sunfish

In laboratory experiments young-of-the-year green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were held for 4 mo under simulated winter conditions (2–4 °C; photoperiod of 9 h light: 15 h dark) in solutions of various osmotic strengths, from 90% distilled water to 1.0% NaCl. Mortality in three of five experiments often was greater in salt solutions, indicating that NaCl did not increase survival. Survival was greater for larger yellow perch than smaller but was not related to size in the other species. Hematocrit was depressed below control levels in all solutions at the end of experiments. The fish generally were able to regulate plasma osmotic concentration in all solutions except the highest NaCl concentrations, where plasma osmolality was often significantly higher than in the control at the end of experiments. Plasma Na+ and Cl− typically decreased and then recovered at low temperatures. Presence of Na+ and Cl− in the external medium tended to alleviate their loss from plasma. Changes in plasma Na+ and Cl− were not related to mortality in hypoionic solutions but usually did correspond to changes in plasma osmolality. Fat content of survivors declined and water content increased for all species, but the losses and gains were not related to osmolality of solutions. Low fat content probably was not a cause of death.Key words: Mortality, electrolyte regulation, osmolality, hematocrit, fat depletion, winter conditions, green sunfish, largemouth bass, brook trout, yellow perch, sodium, chloride

Daily Rings in Otoliths of Three Species of Lepomis and Tilapia mossambica

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Taubert ◽  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Tilapia Mossambica ◽  
Daily Ring ◽  
Green Sunfish ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Daily rings formed on otoliths of known-age, laboratory-raised pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), green sunflsh (L. cyanellus), bluegill (L. macrochirus), and mozambique mouthbrooder (Tilapia mossambica) for at least 176, 170, 125, and 60 days, respectively. Subdaily rings found in young laboratory and wild fish were easily distinguished from daily rings. Width of daily rings on otoliths of green sunfish was linearly related to daily increase in length of fish, but the number of rings was a product of age of fish only, not length of fish or otolith radius. Growth and daily ring formation on otoliths in wild bluegill and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) appeared to be similar to those in laboratory-raised fish. Otoliths of green sunfish held under simulated winter conditions ceased to produce daily rings, but did form an annulus. Two kinds of otolith tissue were present in most of the larger laboratory fish and wild bluegill but were not observed in wild largemouth bass. The first type, present in all areas of the otolith except the extreme posterior end, was translucent and had well-defined daily rings. The second type, present only in the posterior end, was opaque and had poorly etched daily rings that were difficult to discern. Both tissues were calcium carbonate in the aragonite form. Daily rings were found on otoliths offish held at constant temperature. Results of experiments with young mouthbrooders held under various light–dark and feeding cycles suggested that a 24-h light–dark cycle that entrained an internal, diurnal clock was required for daily ring production.

Agonistic Behavior in Several Species of Fish

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. McDonald ◽  
Norman W. Heimstra
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Observation Session ◽  
Interspecies Differences ◽  
Green Sunfish

Seven species of fish were studied in an attempt to determine interspecies differences in the amount and type of agonistic behavior shown. Fish in each species were paired and the frequency of attacks shown during a 5-min. observation session was recorded. An observation session was held for 16 pairs of fish of the same species on 5 consecutive days. It was found that bluegill showed the highest frequency of attacks, then green sunfish, largemouth bass, rainbow trout, black crappie, and yellow perch in that order. No attacks were recorded for walleyes during any of the observation sessions. Qualitative differences shown in agonistic behavior among the various species are also discussed.

scholarly journals Year-class variation drives interactions between warm-water predators and yellow perch

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1330-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Fetzer ◽  
Collin J. Farrell ◽  
James R. Jackson ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Class Strength

Walleye (Sander vitreus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are common top predators across many north temperate lakes, but no previous analyses have assessed factors driving their combined impact on mortality of a shared prey, yellow perch (Perca flavescens). We estimated consumption dynamics of walleye, smallmouth bass, and largemouth bass during 3 years that differed in age-0 yellow perch year-class strength and evaluated the relative contribution of each predator to age-0 yellow perch mortality, in Oneida Lake, New York, USA. Habitat-specific diet composition and population densities were integrated with temperature and growth rates to parameterize a bioenergetics model and estimate annual consumption of major diet items. Walleye were the dominant predator in both offshore and inshore habitats, while smallmouth bass and largemouth bass were also important inshore predators. Consumption of age-0 yellow perch by all three predators was positively correlated to age-0 yellow perch year-class strength, but our ability to account for age-0 yellow perch mortality decreased during years when year-class strength was strong. Within each year, predation by the three species accounted for all observed age-0 yellow perch mortality in late summer and fall, but not in the early summer, suggesting other predators in the lake likely predate on the youngest, most vulnerable yellow perch. These results are important for understanding how diverse predator communities can alter the spatial and temporal availability of prey refuges and influence mortality of a shared prey.

Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A Soupir ◽  
Michael L Brown ◽  
Larry W Kallemeyn
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Top Predators

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox lucius) are top predators in the food chain in most aquatic environments that they occupy; however, limited information exists on species interactions in the northern reaches of largemouth bass distribution. We investigated the seasonal food habits of allopatric and sympatric assemblages of largemouth bass and northern pike in six interior lakes within Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Percentages of empty stomachs were variable for largemouth bass (38-54%) and northern pike (34.7-66.7%). Fishes (mainly yellow perch, Perca flavescens) comprised greater than 60% (mean percent mass, MPM) of the northern pike diet during all seasons in both allopatric and sympatric assemblages. Aquatic insects (primarily Odonata and Hemiptera) were important in the diets of largemouth bass in all communities (0.0-79.7 MPM). Although largemouth bass were observed in the diet of northern pike, largemouth bass apparently did not prey on northern pike. Seasonal differences were observed in the proportion of aquatic insects (P = 0.010) and fishes (P = 0.023) in the diets of northern pike and largemouth bass. Based on three food categories, jackknifed classifications correctly classified 77 and 92% of northern pike and largemouth bass values, respectively. Percent resource overlap values were biologically significant (greater than 60%) during at least one season in each sympatric assemblage, suggesting some diet overlap.

The effect of prey morphology and size on handling time in a piscivore, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hoyle ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Prey Length

Handling time for prey of different sizes and morphological types was studied in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Prey ranged in size from about 1/10 to 2/3 the length of the bass. Handling time increased rapidly with prey of increasing size. For prey of equivalent length, crayfish were the most time-consuming morphological type to handle and swallow, followed by bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), and finally bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). The ratio of prey length to bass length that minimized handling time per unit weight of prey consumed, for prey types common in the diet of largemouth bass, was 0.22 for tadpoles, 0.24 for yellow perch and crayfish, and 0.29 for bluegill. Comparison of the experimentally derived optimum prey size based on handling time with that consumed by three natural populations showed that bass commonly chose prey of similar or smaller size than the optimal predicted. The reasons for this are discussed.

scholarly journals Recruitment dynamics of non-native largemouth bass within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock M. Huntsman ◽  
Frederick Feyrer ◽  
Matthew J. Young ◽  
James A. Hobbs ◽  
Shawn Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Overwinter Mortality ◽  
Critical Developmental Period

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, LMB) recruitment is limited by a critical developmental period during early life-stages, but this mechanism may be less significant within non-native habitats. We conducted boat electrofishing surveys in four tidal lakes of California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (SSJD) from 2010-2011 to describe introduced LMB recruitment dynamics. We evaluated growth, proximate composition, and health indices of young-of-the-year (YOY) LMB among tidal lakes and developed an integrated count model to determine how factors known to affect LMB recruitment shape SSJD population structure. Our results show a mismatch between growth, nutrition, and YOY abundance, where the tidal lake with the most abundant and fastest growing LMB had the poorest nutritional status. The warm winter water temperatures and lack of a hatching-cohort growth advantage suggests overwinter starvation plays a less significant role in SSJD LMB recruitment than many native LMB habitats. Collectively, our results suggest that habitat characteristics (submerged aquatic vegetation) and not overwinter mortality shapes SSJD LMB population structure, a mechanism consistent with contemporary hypotheses about the altered fish community structure of the SSJD.

Density and agonistic behaviour in young-of-the-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Fleming ◽  
Peter H. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Dominance Relations ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Potential Interactions

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the influence of density on agonistic behaviour and dominance relations in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We report here that high densities result in fewer agonistic interactions and fewer as well as less stable dominance relations. Increased numbers of potential interactions may render the continued maintenance of dominance inefficients.

An Investigation into Fish Escapement from a Small Impoundment through a Pipe Spillway and Implications for Predatory Impacts on Small Stream Fishes

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2008) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Scott C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Endangered Fish ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Green Sunfish

Escape of predatory fish from impoundments and their impact on native stream fishes, especially threatened and endangered fish, are concerns of fishery managers. This investigation was designed to identify if fish, especially predatory fish, would escape from an impoundment with a surface withdrawal spillway pipe, and enter a stream. From March 16, 2005 through June 2, 2006, all discharge from the impoundment was forced to flow through a steel cage constructed of one-half inch steel mesh, which trapped escaping fish consisting of 37 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, 141 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and 197 green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus. The average sizes of largemouth bass, bluegill and green sunfish caught were 3.9 inches (range 2.5 to 10.5 inches), 1.4 inches (range 0.75 to 2.5 inches), and 2.2 inches (range 1.3 to 3.3 inches), respectively. Most of the fish escapement occurred during the months of April, May, and September when discharge was highest. Thus fish can readily escape through a surface withdrawal spillway pipe during periods of discharge.

Feeding habits and growth of young-of-the-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) near its northern limit, Nogies Creek, Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hamilton ◽  
P. M. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Model ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Young Of The Year

Two hundred and twenty-three young-of-the-year (YOY) largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from Nogies Creek, Ontario, grew from 15 to 110 mm total length (TL) over June 1 to October 26, 1977. Growth was rapid through June and July but diminished after August 1. Growth increments formed a single stanza pattern closely fitting the von-Bertalanffy model, Lt = 85.8[1 − e−0.34(t−0.26)] and paralleling seasonal water temperatures.The summer condition index was lower for Nogies Creek YOY bass than populations reported from the United States. This was attributed in part to a shorter, cooler growing–feeding season, and some differences in diet.The most numerous food items were Cladocera. Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Chironomidae, and Teleostei, in order, were all of lesser importance. Cladocera, however, did not constitute as much total bulk in the diet as Ephemeroptera and Amphipoda. YOY bass selected the same variety, but larger prey, as they grew in size. Above average (length) YOY bass fed on larger food organisms than did their smaller cohorts for each month.

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